P 1.2 Kinetic theory Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the kinetic theory?
A model that explains the behaviour of matter in terms of the motion of particles.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid.
Particles are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement and vibrate in place.
Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a liquid.
Particles are close together but can move past each other; they move randomly.
Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a gas.
Particles are far apart and move randomly and quickly in all directions.
What happens to the particles in a substance when its temperature increases?
They gain kinetic energy and move faster.
Why does a gas exert pressure on the walls of a container?
Because particles collide with the walls, exerting a force over an area.
What is the relationship between temperature and pressure in a gas (at constant volume)?
Increasing temperature increases pressure because particles move faster and hit walls more often with more force.
What is the relationship between volume and pressure for a gas (at constant temperature)?
They are inversely proportional: if volume increases, pressure decreases (and vice versa).
What is the formula for the relationship between pressure and volume (for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature)?
pV=constant
What is meant by internal energy?
The total energy of the particles in a system — including kinetic and potential energy.
What happens to internal energy when a substance is heated?
Internal energy increases because particles gain kinetic energy (and potentially break bonds).
