P&E Comprehensive Final

Question 1

This is the place where a population or an individual organism normally lives.

Answer 1

habitat

Question 2

Four of the following are characteristics that make some species especially vulnerable to ecological and biological extinction. One of the following is not such a characteristic. Choose the one that is not a characteristic.

Answer 2

These are TRUE characteristics:
big, slow, tasty, valuable parts
SPECIALISTS 
live in one type of habitat
specific food requirements
limited range of new conditions
narrow niche

Question 3

Biodiversity is believed to be the result of the interaction between

Answer 3

speciation and extinction

Question 4

The building blocks of proteins are

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of and r-selected species?

Answer 5

These are TRUE characteristics
large number of offspring
smaller offspring
little parental care
overcome massive loss of offspring
algae, bacteria, insects

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent population control?

Answer 6

parasitism, infectious disease, competition for resources

Question 7

Biologists think there are four main reasons why we should work to prevent human activities from causing the extinction of other species. Which of the following is not one of these reasons?

Answer 7

These are TRUE reasons
Species are a vital part of earth’s life support system, most contribute to economic services (support economies), it takes 5-10 million years to rebuild biodiversity, species have right to exist

Question 8

An endangered species

Answer 8

low reproductive rate, specialized niche, narrow distribution, feeds at high trophic levels, fixed migratory patterns, rare, commercially valuable, large territories

Question 9

Which of the following would NOT be and abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

Answer 9

These are TRUE factors

air, water, nutrients, rocks, heat, solar energy

Question 10

In a range of tolerance, each population has a point beyond which no member of the population can live. The area where most members are found

Answer 10

optimum range

Question 11

Biological evolution by natural selection is when ___, Individuals ___, and populations ___.

Answer 11

mutate, are selected, evolve such that they are better adapted to survive and reproduce under existing environmental conditions

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the age structure categories of a population?

Answer 12

pre-reproductive, reproductive, post-reproductive

Question 13

Which of the following is a reason for continued human population growth

Answer 13

humans developed the ability to expand into almost all of the climate zones and habitats, emergence of earth and modern agriculture allow more food growth per unit of land area, death rates dropped sharply because sanitation and healthcare and development of antibiotics and vaccines help prevent disease

Question 14

Exponential growth followed by a steady decrease in population growth until the population size levels off and remains relatively constant is typical of

Answer 14

J-shaped curve

Question 15

The greatest threat to wild species is

Answer 15

habitat destruction

Question 16

“The maximum population of a species that a particular habitat can support” is the definition of

Answer 16

carrying capacity

Question 17

The Endangered Species Act of 1973

Answer 17

(ESA) designed to identify and protect endangered species in the US and abroad, most far reaching law ever adopted

Question 18

For natural selection to occur, an adaptive trait

Answer 18

must lead to differential reproduction (produce more)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a biological species?

Answer 19

group of organisms that have a unique set of characteristics that distinguish them from all other organisms and can mate and produce fertile offspring

Question 20

All of the following are elements except

Answer 20

These are TRUE elements

gold, mercury, silver, iron, bromide

Question 21

The most basic building block of matter is an

Answer 21

atom

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource

Answer 22

These are TRUE renewable resources

forests, grasslands, fish population, fresh water, fresh air, fertile topsoil

Question 23

A nucleotide of DNA contains

Answer 23

phosphate, 5 carbon sugar, deoxyribose, nucleotide base

Question 24

The highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used to indefinitely without reducing its available supply is called

Answer 24

sustainable yield

Question 25

An idea that has been tested widely, is supported by extensive evidence, and is accepted by most scientists in a particular field of study is called a

Answer 25

scientific theory

Question 26

Which of the following is the fundamental structural and functional unit of life?

Answer 26

cell

Question 27

Which of the following is the definition of a scientific hypothesis?

Answer 27

a possible explanation of what scientists observe in nature or in the result of their experiment

Question 28

Using normally renewable resources faster than nature can renew them is called

Answer 28

environmental/natural capital degradation

Question 29

The distinct piece of DNA containing instructions for making proteins is

Answer 29

genes

Question 30

Which of the following is not a goal of environmental science?

Answer 30

These are the TRUE goals learn how nature works, understand how we interact with the environment, and find ways to deal with environmental protection and live more sustainably

Question 31

The biological macromolecules (polymers) that make up all living organisms are

Answer 31

complex carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

Question 32

Some individuals in a population have genetic traits that increases their ability to survive and reproduce over other organisms, this process is called

Answer 32

natural selection

Question 33

Which of the following would exhibit primary succession of a community

Answer 33

bare rock exposed from retreating glacier, | newly cooled lava, abandoned highway or parking lot, or newly created pond or reservoir

Question 34

For captive breeding programs to be successful in zoos

Answer 34

some or all of the wild individuals of a critically endangered species are collected to build up populations to where they can live, 100-500 individuals, need funding and space

Question 35

Illegal hunting for profit is called

Answer 35

poaching

Question 36

Which of the following is the usual order of applying the scientific process to a problem

Answer 36

identify a problem, find out what is known, ask a question to be investigated, perform experiment to answer the question and collect data, analyze data, propose a hypothesis to explain data, use hypothesis to make stable projections, perform an experiment to test projections, accept/revise

Question 37

The biggest problem with invasive non-native species is that in the new location they

Answer 37

out-compete and reduce a communities' native species

Question 38

Which of the following is the correct sequence used in taxonomic classification of species?

Answer 38

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 39

A country with TFR (total fertility rate) that falls below 1.5 children per couple for a prolonged period will experience all of the following except

Answer 39

labor shortages, threaten economic growth, less government revenues with fewer workers, less entrepreneurship, and new businesses, less likelihood for new technology, increasing public deficits to fund health care, pensions cut and retirement age increase

Question 40

Which of the following would NOT be organic molecules?

Answer 40

These are TRUE organic molecules | water, methane

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT and example of an environmental threshold having been crossed?

Answer 41

These are TRUE crossed thresholds | soil erosion, nutrient loss, melting of polar ice, depletion of fish

Question 42

Energy can be formally defined as

Answer 42

capacity to do work or transfer heat

Question 43

K-selected species characteristics

Answer 43

fewer, larger offspring, high in parental care and offspring protection, later reproductive age, offspring survive to large adults, adapted to stable climate and environmental conditions, lower population growth rate, population size fairly stable and usually close to carrying capacity, specialist niche, high ability to compete, late successional species

Question 44

The monomer for the protein polymer is the

Answer 44

amino acids

Question 45

Scientists have identified several problems with relying primarily on pollution cleanup. Which of the following is not one of those problems?

Answer 45

These are all TRUE pollution cleanup problems only a temporary bandage as long as population and consumption levels grow without corresponding improvements in technology, removes pollution from one place and puts in another, cost too much to reduce them

Question 46

What is the primary difference between renewable and non renewable resources?

Answer 46

the time it takes for the earth to replenish them

Question 47

An environmentally sustainable society

Answer 47

emphasizes preventing or minimizing environmental problems instead of letting them build to crises levels, use well-designed and carefully monitored marketplace solutions to help prevent or reduce impact of problems, cooperate and innovate to find win-win solutions or trade-offs to problems and injustices, be honest and objective

Question 48

An ecological niche includes all of the following except

Answer 48

These are all TRUE things niches include everything that affects a species survival and reproduction: how much water and sunlight it needs, space it requires, what it eats, what eats it, and temperature

Question 49

This is the total of all the different species that live in a certain area

Answer 49

community

Question 50

Natural Capital includes all of the following except

Answer 50

These are all TRUE things natural capital includes natural resources and services that keeps us and other forms of life alive and support our human economies Air, water, minerals, sun wind, biodiversity, soil, land, fossil fuels