- most prominent blood sucking mosquito - Only females feed - Require quiet, standing water to deposit larva - Serve as IH for protozoan diseases - Egg-->Larva-->Pupa-->Adult

P-E1 Flashcards by Allison Siu

Characteristics of Arthropods

Chitonous Exoskeleton
Hemocoels
Simple Circulatory System
Reproductive System is most important (Dioecious, large repro capacity)
Digestive system: mouth –> anus

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Why are arthropods important?

They are CAUSAL AGENTS themselves (ticks/demodex)
They PRODUCE VENOM/toxic substances (Simulium sp.- buffalo gnats)
They are INTERMEDIATE HOSTS for protozoa (crayfish-paragonimus kellicotti)
They are VECTORS for pathogens (mosquitoes, roaches)

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What is the body of an adult insect divided into?

Head- brain, antennae, eyes
Thorax- 3 pairs of legs, 1-2 pairs of wings
Abdomen- reproductive organs

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Infestation of mite or tick

Acariasis

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Lice infestation

Pediculosis

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Metamorphosis

the developmental stages from immature to adult

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Simple metamorphosis

Egg –> Nymph –> Adult

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Complex metamorphosis

Egg –> Larvae (6) –> Nymph (8) –> Adult (8)

Egg –> Larvae –> Pupa –> Adult

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Arthopoda means _________

Jointed foot

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Anoplura (Sucking Lice) vs. Mallophaga (Chewing Lice)

Anoplura
- narrow head, move slow
- suck blood (transmit disease)
- found only on mammals
Mallophaga
- flat face, move fast
- feed on sloughed epidermal tissue (feathers)
Both are species specific

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Why are Dipterans important?

They transmit human and animal pathogens more than any other group of arthropods
Their larval stage (maggots) = MYIASIS

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Characteristics of Dipterans

Adults have 1 pair of wings
Variations in mouthparts
Complex metamorphosis
Larval stage is important (Myiasis)

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Mosquitoes

most prominent blood sucking mosquito
Only females feed
Require quiet, standing water to deposit larva
Serve as IH for protozoan diseases
Egg–>Larva–>Pupa–>Adult

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Mosquito Larvae Characteristics

Always aquatic
No legs
Head –> Thorax –> abdomen
One pair of SPIRACLES (breathing apparatus)

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Adult Mosquito Characteristics

Larger than gnat, smaller than biting fly
WINGS: tiny scales
Females: pilose antennae
Males: Plumose antennae
Only females feed

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Zoophilus

Mosquitoes that prefer to feed on animals other than humans

Anthropophilus

Mosquitoes that prefer to feed on human beings

Anautogenous

Mosquitoes that require a blood meal for eggs to develop

Autogenous

Mosquitoes that do NOT require a blood meal for eggs to develop

Infestation by fleas

Siphanopterosis

What’s special about non-biting muscoids?

they will have MAGGOT as their larval stage

- they are VOMIT DROP feeders = EXCELLENT vectors for pathogen transmission

“Living with humans”

Synanthropic (musca domestica)

Louse Flies

Hippoboscoids

true dipterans
cousin to biting muscoids
modified complex lc

Lice vs Mites

Lice- insects, 6 legs, can be seen

Mites- arachnids, 8 legs, hard to see

Hard Tick

Ixodidae - Attach - have sexual dimorphism - Males do not engorge

Soft Tick

Argasidae - Periodic parasite - no scutum

Why are ticks important?

They are obligate blood feeding ectoparasites: - Cause bite wounds - Cause blood loss - Cause tick paralysis - Serve as vectors for disease

LC of Tick

Egg --> Larva (6 legs) --> Nymph (8 legs) --> adult (8 legs)

What are the jointed mites?

1. psoroptes cunulici (rabbit ear)- long 2. psoroptes ovis, bovis - long Both are surface dwellers

What are the un-jointed mites

1. Sarcoptes scabei- long (tunnel) 2. Notoedres cati - long (tunnel) 3. Cnemidocoptes pilae (parakeet)- long (tunnel) 4. Otodectes cyanotis- SHORT (surface) 5 Chorioptes bovis- SHORT

Parasitosis

One organism injures the other and produces outward signs of disease SARCOPTES SCABEI

Ectoparasite

Parasite that lives on outside of the body | MELOPHAGUS OVINUS

Obligatory Parasite

Must live a parasitic existence | BOOPHILUS ANNULATUS- 1 HOST TICK

Periodic Parasite

Makes short visits to host for nutrients OTOBIUS MEGNINI and mosquito

Intermediate Host

Host that arbors the immature stage of parasite | GLOSSINA SP. (TRYPANSOMA-NAGANA)

Reservoir Host

Host that harbors diseases in nature and serves as disease to man BIRDS (WNV) --> MOSQUITO

Infestation

``` Parasitism by an external parasite Rhipecephalis Sanguines (brown dog tick) ```

WIWPHTH

1. Feed on BLOOD- Glossina sp. 2. Feed on solid TISSUE after liquefying it- Trombiculus sp. larva 3. Produce HOST RXN (inflammation)- Demodex canis 4. Carry DISEASE & other parasite- Aedes aegypti (yellow fever) 5. PRODUCES TOXINS- giardia/simulium sp.