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Physics 1 > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Specific Heat Capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

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2
Q

Define power

A

Rate at which energy is transferred

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3
Q

Describe energy changes involved when a ball is thrown upwards and then returns to its starting position ( 3 marks)

A

Upwards - KE transfers to GPE
Peak - Maximum GPE - zero KE
Downwards: GPE transferred to KE

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4
Q

Describe energy transfers for a bungee jumper ( 3 marks)

A

When falling, GPE transferred to KE
Cord tightens, KE transferred and stored as EPE
At lowest point, the jumper’s initial GPE = EPE stored in the cord

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5
Q

Explain why a bungee jumper slows down once the cord begins to stretch ( 2 marks)

A

KE decreases since it is converted to EPE
KE proportional to velocity squared as KE decreases, velocity decreases

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6
Q

3 examples of chemical energy stores

A

Food
Fuel
Batteries

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7
Q

What is the law of energy conservation

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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8
Q

State changes in the total energy of any action

A

total energy of the system remains constant due to conservation of energy

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9
Q

What is waste energy

A

Energy that is not used for its desired purpose

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10
Q

Describe the energy changes that occur in a filament light-bulb ( 2 marks)

A

Electrical energy is transferred into light and heat energy
Light is a useful energy form, heat is waste energy

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11
Q

How can efficiency of a system be increased?

A

Reducing waste output via lubrication, thermal insulation
Recycling waste output

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12
Q

Do double-glazed windows have a higher or lower thermal conductivity than single-glazed windows

A

Lower, meaning less energy transfers through them

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13
Q

What factors affect the rate of cooling of a building ( 2 marks)

A

Thickness of the walls
Thermal conductivity of the wall

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14
Q

3 ways to reduce heat loss in a building

A

double glazing
loft and wall insulation
thicker walls

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15
Q

How can the efficiency of a mechanical machine with moving parts be improved? ( 2 marks)

A

Lubricate any moving parts to reduce the friction and therefore energy loss due to heating

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16
Q

How can the efficiency of a radiator be improved ( 2 marks)

A

Installing metal foil sheets behind the radiator to reflect back the heat into the room

17
Q

What is a renewable energy resource?

A

Energy source which can be replenished as it used up

18
Q

Four examples of renewable energy resources

A

Wind energy
Hydro-electricity
Tidal energy
Solar energy

19
Q

Example of a non-renewable energy resource

A

Fossil fuels

20
Q

Four ways energy can be transferred

A

Mechanical
Electrical
Heat
Radiation

21
Q

Two advantages of generating power using gas rather than coal

A

Flexible generation - gas power stations can be switched on/off more readily
Lower emissions of carbon dioxide

22
Q

Two disadvantages of using renewable energy resources to generate power

A

Output often determined by external factors - supply uncertain
Generating power through other means is often more efficient and economically beneficial

23
Q

Three advantages of fossil fuels as an energy resource

A

Reliable - not dependent on external factors
Can produce large amounts of energy for a given quantity
still relatively abundant, so cost-effective

24
Q

Three advantages of nuclear power

A

Very large amounts of energy for relatively small quantities of fuel
Doesn’t release gg
Low fuel costs

25
Q

Three disadvantages of nuclear power

A

Produces nuclear waste which is harmful to humans
Non-renewable
Risk of nuclear accidents - catastrophic consequences on humans and environment

26
Q

Two disadvantage of biofuel

A

Large areas of land needed to grow fuel crops
Habitats destroyed and food not grown

27
Q

Three advantages of tidal energy source

A

Do not produce greenhouse gases
Renewable
Predictable due to consistency of tides

28
Q

Two disadvantages of hydroelectric power

A

Dam may cause flooding
Can cost a lot to install the required infrastructure

29
Q

Three advantages of solar panels

A

No harm to the environment
Renewable resource
Can be used in remote areas where other types of energy are less accessible

30
Q

Two disadvantages of solar panels

A

Making and installing solar panels is expensive
Unreliable due to light intensity

31
Q

What is a system

A

An object or group of objects

32
Q

Two disadvantage of fossil fuels

A

Non-renewable
Burning fossil fuels causes global warming and acid

33
Q

Renewable and no waste products is the advantage for what energy sources

A

Waves
Hydroelectric
Wind
Solar

34
Q

Two advantages of biofuel

A

Renewable
Carbon neutral

35
Q

Two advantages of biofuel

A

Renewable
Carbon neutral

36
Q

Three disadvantages of wind energy

A

Unreliable - wind varies
Visual and noise pollution
Dangerous to migrating birds

Physics 1 (3 decks)

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