P1 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Published Les Teignes; father of Medical Mycology
A
Raymond Saboraud
2
Q
multicellular members of the plant kingdom and are referred to as thallophyte
usually filamentous- branched- somatic structure surrounded by the true cell wall
A
Fungi
3
Q
5 characteristics of fungi
A
- achlorophyllous
- ubquitous
- saphrophytes
- grows in an acidic environment
- resistant to cold and are easily killed by high temp
4
Q
2 basic fundamental structures of fungi
A
hyphae and spores
5
Q
2 morphologic forms of fungi
A
yeast and mold
6
Q
produce moist, creamy opaque, or pasty colonies (0.5-3.0 mm)
A
yeast
7
Q
single-celled/unicellular structures with a thick cell wall
most reproduce by asexual budding, few by binary fission
A
yeast
8
Q
multicellular filamentous colonies; filamentous colonies: fluffy, cottony, wooly or powdery
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mold
9
Q
the basic structural unit of mold
A
hyphae
10
Q
hyphae can be divided into: (3)
A
septate, aseptate or coenocytic, and mycelium
11
Q
morph:
curved, freely branching and antler in appearance
A
antler hyphae or favic chandelier
12
Q
enlarged, club shaped with the smaller end attached to the large end of the adjacent club-shaped strands
A
racquet hyphae
13
Q
coiled or corkscrew seen within hyphal strands, frequently found in dermatophytes
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spiral hyphae
14
Q
capability of an organism to grow MORE THAN ONE form under different environment
ex. Sporothrix schenkii
A
Dimorphic fungi
15
Q
perfect fungus; is associated with the formation of specialized structures that facilitates fertilization and nuclear fission resulting in the formation of specialized spores
A
sexual (teleomorph)
16
Q
fusion of identical cells
A
zygospores/zygomycetes
17
Q
enclosed in a specific sac called ascus (asci)
A
ascopores/ascomycetes
18
Q
fusion of non-identical cells from the same hyphae
A
oospores
19
Q
fungus imperfecti; seen in most fungi
A
asexual (anamorph)
20
Q
derived from the cells of the thallus or body of the fungi
A
thalospores
21
Q
give examples of species that belonged to blastospores
A
Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans
22
Q
buds formed by the budding process, sprouting from the surface of the parent cell
A
blastospores
23
Q
arise by fragmentation of the ends of hyphae at the point of septation; SQUARE BARREL-SHAPED thick walled cells
A
arthospores/arthroconidia
24
Q
hyphal cell SEPARATE from one another to form flat ended spores
ex. Geotrichum candidum
A
Oidia
25
enlarged, round unicellular, thick-walled structures that are formed during unfavorable conditions; formed by the enlargement of a hyphal cell
chlamydospores/chlamydoconidia
26
3 types of chlamydospores/chlamydoconidia
terminal, intercallary, sessile
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born internally within the sac called "sporangium" which develops at the tip of the sporangiophore
sporangiospores
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asexual spores produces singly or in groups by specialized branched called conidiophore
Aspergillus and Penicillium
conidia
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small, unicellular conidia, round, pyriform, or pear-shaped
microconidia or microaleriospores
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large, multicellular, multi-septate, clavate or spindle shaped
echinulate-rough and spiny
macroconida/mmacroaleriospores
31
in this medium, observe for: hyphae, budding yeast cells or any mycelial filaments
KOH
32
for identification of Cryptococus neoformans
look for ENCASULATED yeast cells
follows NEGATIVE staining
India ink
33
-uses AMAN medium
-preserves and stains fungi (shades of blue)
-contains lactic acid, phenol and cotton bue
-observe for spores, yeast cells and hyphae
Lactophenol Cotton Blue
34
uses flourescence (2)
calcaflour white, wood's lamp (bright yellow green under UV light)
35
all fungi in Gram stain are:
positive
36
best for visualizing fungi in skin scraping or tissue; if dematiaceous, appears brown or black
PAS
37
-gridley, gomori-methenamine silver
-H. capsulatum
Wright stain or Giemsa
38
best stain for Blastomycosis dermatitidis
Papanicolau
39
ideal for Tinea versicolor
acridine orange
40
-useful in the diff. og Nocardia fro Actinomyces
- Nocardia are acid-fast
Acid fast stain
41
state the diseases that belonged to superficial mycoses: (6)
1. keratomycosis (keratitis/keratomycosis)
2. otomycosis (mycotic otitis externa)
3. pityriasis versicolor
4. tinea nigra
5. black piedra
6. white piedra
42
What is the etiological agent of Pityriasis versicolor?
Malasezzia furfur
43
Provide the disease
-spaghetti and meatballs appearance
-hypopigmented macules
Pityriasis versicolor
44
Provide the disease and the etiliogical agent:
-black macules
-black, 2-celled oval yeasts in skin scrapings
Tinea nigra; Exophiala wernickii
45
Disease and etiologic agent:
-black NODULES on HAIR shaft composed of spore sacs and spores
Black Piedra; Piedraia hortae
46
-major cause of blindness
-white corneal plaques with the development of satellite lesions and endothelial plaques
-common with contact lens users
Keratomycosis
47
Yeast: yeast cells with strands of pseudohyphae
Filamentous: clear septate hyphae
Keratomycosis
48
Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes and cause the membrane to become leaky
Polyenes
49
Amphotericin B, Natamycin
Polyenes
50
inhibits CYP P450 14-a demethylase enzyme involved in the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol
Azoles: Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Voriconazole
51
causes faulty RNA synthesis and non-competitive inhibitor of thymidylate synthesis
Pyrmidines: Flusytosines
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Ergosterol Biosynthesis inhibitor
Allylamines; Terbinafine
53
Cell wall and D-glucan synthesis inhibitors
Echinocandins: Capsofungin, Micafungin
54
chronic fungal infection of the outer ear canal
otomycsis/ mycotic otitis externa
55
other name of piedras:
chignon disease, tinea nodosa, biegel's disease
56
-occurs on scalp
-Piedraia hortae
-black nodules resembling nits of lice
-septate dematiaceous hyphae
-open nodules containing OVAL ASCI with 8 ascospores
BLACK PIEDRA
57
-facial and genital hairs
-Trichosporon beigelii
-white nodules larger and softer
-septate and dematiaceous
-tend to break in ARTHOSPORES
WHITE PIEDRA
58
other names of Tinea nigra:
Keratomycosis nigricans palmaris/ Tinea nigra palmaris/ Pityriasis nigra/ Microsporis nigra
59
-superficial inffection on the palm of the hands or the sole of foot
-KOH: strongly dematiaceous septate hyphae
Tinea nigra
60
Etiologic agent of Tinea nigra:
Cladosporium wernickii or Hortae or Exophiala or Phaeoannellomyces werneckii
61
-patchy brown desquamating rash involving mainly the trunk, arms, shoulder and facee, "blotchy" appearance
- "spaghetti and meatbballs appearance"
Pityriasis versicolor
62
what was the first fungi that was described by Leber that causes Keratomycosis
Aspergillus spp.
63
keratin as a source of nitrogen but are usually INCAPABLE of penetrating the subcutaneous tissues
Cutaneous mycoses/Dermatomycoses
64
-ringworm infection of the inguinal area
-jock itch
Tinea cruris
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feet- athlete's foot
Tinea pedis
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Scalp ringworm
Tinea capitis
67
Barber's itch
Tinea barbae
68
affects hair and skin
Microsporum
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affects the hair, skin, and nails
Trichophyton
70
affects the skin and nails
Epidermophyton
71
-nail (onchomycosis)
-most often due to Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigitale
Tinea unguim
72
Tinea manus is infection affecting what part of the body?
Hand
73
Treatment for Tinea corporis
Topical azole
74
-ECTOthrix
-yellow green fluorescence except M. gypseum
Microsporum
75
-anthropophilicc
-GR: 2 weeks
Microscopic ID: sterile hyphae, TERMINAL chlamydospore, FAVIC chandelier, and pectinate bodies
Microsporum audonii
76
Colony: downy white to salmon pink
Microsporum audonii
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-zoophilic
-caused of ringworm in dogs and cats
-GR: 1 week
-Colony: white and fluffy; reverse canary yellow pigment, BOAT SHAPED
-8-12 septa
Microsporum canis
78
-geophilic
-GR: 1 week
-Colony: Mold and cottony light brown "cinnamon powdery" color
Microsporum gypseum
79
Differential medium for M. gypseum and M. canis (+)
Rice medium
80
-anthropophilic
-GR: 1 week
-"BAMBOO" hyphae
Microsporum ferruggineum
81
-worldwide cause of athlete's foot
- urease (+) in CHRISTENSEN MEDIUM
- GR: 7-10 days
- Macroconidia:CIGAR SHAPED
- Microconidia: engrappe
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
82
COLONY: White to pinkish granular and fluffy varieties
-CATTLES
- V-shaped penetration on hair shaft (+)
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
83
-caused of long established foot and toe nail infections
-FASTEST growing dermatophytes
-GR: 2 days
-UREASE (-)
- v-shaped penetration on hair shaft (-)
T. rubrum
84
Macrroconidia: pencil shape
Microconidia: "tear-drop"
Colony: white to pink granular; UGAL folds are common
Yellow-Wine red
Trichophyton rubrum
85
Differential medium; aids in the identification of T. rubrum (-) and T. mentagrophytes (+)
Dextrose Cornmeal Agar
86
-anthropophilic EXCEPT T. verrucosum
-ecto or endothrix
- NO FLUORESCENCE in wood's lamp
Trichophyton
87
-Tinea imbracata
- Concentric/ring shaped in appearance
- ballon shaped chlamydoconidia
Trichophyton concentricum
88
- adult ringworm of the scalp (ALOPECIA)
- GR: 7-10 days
- Macroconidia: "balloon" forms
- Microconidia: "tear-drop" club shaped with flat buttons
- Colony: white, tan, yellow or rust, SUEDE-LIKE to powdery
Trichophyton tonsurans
89
- found in cattles
- grows better at 35 degrees
- 2-3 days
- Macroconidia: rare; RAT TAIL
- Microconidia: "tear-drop"
- NOT ANTROPOPHILIC
Trichophyton verrucosum
90
- 2-3 weeks
- BRANCHED TORTOUS HYPHAE
- chlamydospore are usually aligned in chains
- Colony: PORTWINE to deep VIOLET
Trichiophyton violaceum
91
SLOWEST growing dermatophyte
2-3 weeks
hyphae seen as "FAVIC-CHANDELIERS"
Colony: irregular heaped, smooth white to cream colony with RADIATING GROOVES
Trichophyton shoenleinii
92
COLONY: center is folded, and is KHAKI GREEN, periphery is yellow
"CLUB-SHAPED" macroconidia
no microconidia
Epidermophyton floccosum
93
heterogenous group develop at the site of transcutaneous trauma
SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
94
heterogenous group develop at the site of transcutaneous trauma
SUBCUTANEOUS MYCCOSES
95
Only fungus disease that can almost be diagnosed by clinical picture alone
Dimorphic
Yeast: Cigar shaped
Methenamine Silver Stain: "ASTEROID BODIES"
ROSETTE, DAISY-LIKE, BOUQUET LIKE
old-mold: sleeve formation
Sporotrichosis/ Rose Gardener's Disease
96
Etiologic agent of sporotrichosis
Sporothrix schenkii
97
-warty tumor-like lesions
-"CAULIFLOWER LIKE'
Chromomycosis/Chromoblastomyosis/Verrucous dermatitidis
98
Three Chromomycosis types:
Cladosporium, Phialopphora, Acrotheca
