P1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
A 21-year-old athletic female patient comes in with a chief complaint of mid-back pain, which is especially noted when she is doing push-ups. During the physical exam you have her do a push-up and you notice that her scapulae are winging. Which muscle should be targeted and strengthened?
A. Levator Scap
B. Teres Major
C. Subscapularis
D. Serratus Anterior
D. Serratus Anterior
Because she has a winging scapula, her serratus anterior is not functioning properly. This can be from long thoracic nerve palsy or a weakness in the muscle
A 12-year-old girl presents to the office with a stiff neck and vomiting. Based on the most likely diagnosis, what is the most common causative pathogen?
A. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
B. Neisseria Meningitidis
C. Staphylococcus Aureus
D. Epstein-Barr Virus
A. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
This patient has meninigitis and in this particular age group, streptococcus pneumoniae is the most pathological agent
What is the most dominant motion that occurs at level of C0/C1?
A. Lateral Flexion
B. Flexion and Extension
C. Rotation
D. None of the Above
B. Flexion and Extension
Based on the anatomy of the joints at the level of C0-C1, flexion and extension is primarily happening
A male cyclist falls and sustains a concussion. As a result, he experiences post-concussive disorder, which is categorized as an excessive release of glutamate from the brain, which increases calcium ions entering into the cells. What principle is occurring to make this happen?
A. Passive Diffusion
B. Active Transport
C. Osmosis
D. Exocytosis
A. Passive Diffusion
Following brain trauma (like a concussion), there is usually a disruption in the ion balance, which causes things to go haywire. Therefore, as glutamate is released it causes calcium to enter the cells passively
If a patient wishes to improve their overall cholesterol levels, what is the best type of fat to avoid?
A. Saturated Fat
B. Monounsaturated Fat
C. Polyunsaturated Fat
D. Hydrogenated Fat
D. Hydrogenated Fat
Hydrogenated fats and trans fats are known for their tendency to increase cholesterol levels, particularly LDL cholesterol
A marathon cyclist sustained a hamstring injury. The doctor palpated the injured muscle that originated from the linea aspera of the femur and inserted onto the head of the fibula. What muscle was injured?
A. Semitendinosis
B. Short head of biceps femoris
C. Semimembranosis
D. Long head of biceps femoris
B. Short head of biceps femoris
These are the origin and insertion of the short head of biceps. This muscle also has a different innervation from the other hamstring muscles, which is common fibular nerve
Following a traumatic brain injury at the pterion of a patient’s skull, an MRI is ordered, which reveals a lens-shaped high signal intensity over the parietal and temporal lobes. What artery is injured in this case?
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle meningeal artery
C. Middle cerebral artery
D. Pericallosal artery
B. Middle meningeal artery
Medial meningeal artery through the pterion
A patient sustained damage to the pyramidal tract following a traumatic brain injury, what fibres run through this area?
A. Motor fibers
B. Proprioceptive Fibers
C. Vibration and Fine Touch Fibers
D. Temperature Fibers
A. Motor fibers
The pyramidal tracts are where the anterior and lateral corticospinal tracts travel, which are motor fibers
A 14-year old female has a scoliosis and her iliac crest if 25% ossified. How much longer until it is fully ossified?
A. 1 year
B. 2 years
C. 3 years
D. 4 years
B. 2 years
Iliac crest fully ossifies by 16 years of age
Pott’s disease is a rare spinal infection that occurs due to what pathogen?
A. Staph aureus
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Epstein-Barr virus
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pott’s disease is a non-pyogenic spondylodiscitis or spinal infection that comes from TB
During a fight or flight response, epinephrine is released. Which of the following occurs as a result of high levels of epinephrine?
A. Decrease glycogenolysis
B. Increase glyconeogenesis
C. Decrease stroke volume
D. Vasodilation to lower extremity muscles
D. Vasodilation to lower extremity muscles
Epinephrine is a hormone that results in vasodilation of the appendicular/peripheral muscles, increase heart rate and stroke volume, and increase respiratory rate
In lumbar flexion, what structure limits flexion?’
A. Facet joint
B. Intervertebral discs
C. Anterior longitudinal ligament
D. Ligamentum flavum
D. Ligamentum flavum
Ligamentum flavum limits excessive flexion while anterior longitudinal ligament limits extension
A patient experiences numbness and weakness on the outside of their shoulder. What cord from the brachial plexus feeds into the affected nerve?
A. Posterior Cord
B. Anterior Cord
C. Medial Cord
D. Lateral Cord
A. Posterior Cord
The nerve in question here is the axillary nerve, which supplies the deltoids and the cutaneous innervation to the outside of the shoulder, which comes from the posterior cord
What artery is known to wrap around the medial malleolus?
A. Fibular tibial artery
B. Anterior tibial artery
C. Posterior tibial artery
D. Lateral plantar artery
C. Posterior tibial artery
The posterior tibial artery runs under the medial malleolus while the anterior tibial artery runs on the dorsum of the foot (becoming the dorsal pedal artery)
In the cubital fossa, what structure lies lateral to the biceps tendon?
A. Radial nerve
B. Median nerve
C. Radial artery
D. Ulnar artery
A. Radial nerve
Radial nerve runs lateral to the biceps tendon where it divides into the superficial and deep radial nerve
In the popliteal fossa, what structure is located most anteriorly?
A. Popliteal artery
B. Popliteal vein
C. Tibial nerve
D. Common fibular nerve
A. Popliteal artery
Popliteal artery is the most anterior structure, which means it is the most deep structure. This is because arterial supply is always the deepest and the most protected
