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P1 Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Animal Rights

A

Concept that all sensate species that feel pain are of equal value and have rights

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2
Q

Animal welfare

A

Humane care and treatment of animals

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3
Q

At risk

A

Likelihood of subject being harmed in some way because of nature of research

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4
Q

Debriefing

A

Principle of full disclosure at the end of experiment; that is explaining to the subject the nature and purpose of study

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5
Q

Fraud

A

Unethical practice of falsifying or fabricating data; plagiarism is form of fraud

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6
Q

Informed consent

A

Subject’s voluntary agreement to participate in research project after the nature and purpose of the study have been explained

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7
Q

Institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC)

A

Reviews proposed research to safeguard the welfare of animal subjects

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8
Q

Institutional review board (IRB)

A

Reviews proposed research to safeguard the safety and rights of human participants

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9
Q

Minimal risk

A

Subject’s odds of being harmed are not increased by research

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10
Q

Plagiarism

A

Representation of someone else’s ideas, words, or written work as one’s own; serious breach of ethics that can result in legal action

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11
Q

Risk/benefit analysis

A

Made by IRB, that any risk to the individual are outweighed by potential benefits or importance of thr knowledge to be gained

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12
Q

Quantifying open ended questions requires content analysis

A

Reseatch method that examines the presence, meaning, and relationships of words, themes, or concepts in a given set of data

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13
Q

Cluster sampling

A

Form of probability sampling in which a researcher samples entire cluster, naturally occuring groups that exist within the population

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14
Q

Content analysis

A

System for quantifying responses to open ended questions by categorizing them according to objective rules or guideline

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15
Q

Context effects

A

Effects produced by position of a question; where it falls within the question order can influence how the question is interpreted

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16
Q

Continous dimensions

A

Concept that traits, attitudes, and preferences can be viewed as a continuous dimension, and each individual can fall at any point along each dimension; example sociability can be viewed as continous diemnsion ranging from very unsociable to very sociable

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17
Q

Convenience sampling

A

Obtained by using any groups who happen to be convenient; considered a weak form of sampling because the researcher exercies no control over the representatives of the sample (accidental sampling)

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18
Q

Interval scale

A

Measurement of magnitude, quantitative size, having equal intervals between values but no true zeropoint

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19
Q

Latent content

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A

Hidden meaning behind a question

20
Q

Level of measurement

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A

The scale used to measure a variable: nominal, ordinal, or ratio/interval.

21
Q

Manifest content

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A

The plain meaning of what people say or what actually appears on the page; for example, how people answer a question regardless of their latent meaning.

22
Q

Nominal scale

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A

The simplest level of measurement involving two or more distinct categories.

23
Q

Non probability sampling

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A

Selecting samples in such a way that the odds of any subject being selected for the study are known or can be calculated.

24
Q

Ordinal scale

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A

A measurement in the form of ranks or ordered categories.

25
Population
All persons, animals, or objects that have at least one characteristic in common
26
Position preference
When in doubt about answers to multiple-choice questions, some people always select a response in a certain position, such as answer C.
27
Probability sampling
Selecting samples in such a way that the odds of any subject being selected for the study are known or can be calculated.
28
Purposive sampling
The selection of non random samples that reflect a specific purpose of the study
29
Quota sampling
Selecting samples through predetermined quotas that are intended to reflect the makeup of the population; they can reflect the proportions of important population subgroups, but the particular individuals are not selected at random.
30
Random number table
A table of numbers generated by a computer so that every number has an equal chance of being selected for each position in the table. Random selection: An unbiased method for selecting subjects in such a way that each member of the population has an equal opportunity to be selected, and the outcome cannot be predicted ahead of time by any known law.
31
Ratio scale
A measure of magnitude having equal intervals between values and having an absolute zero point.
32
Reliability
The extent to which a survey is consistent and repeatable.
33
Representativeness
The extent to which the sample responses we observe and measure reflect those we would obtain if we could sample the entire population.
34
Response set
A tendency to answer questions based on their latent content with the goal of creating a certain impression of ourselves.
35
Response style
Tendency for subjects to respond to questions or test items in a specific way, regardless of the content.
36
Sample of subjects
A selected subset of the population of interest.
37
Sampling
Deciding who the subjects will be and selecting them.
38
Simple random sampling
The most basic form of probability sampling whereby a portion of the whole population is selected in an unbiased way.
39
Snowball sampling
A form of nonprobability sampling in which a researcher locates one or a few people with the trait of interest and asks these people to locate or lead the researcher to additional individuals who fit the criterion.
40
Stratified random sampling
A form of probability sampling obtained by randomly sampling from people in each important population subgroup in the same proportion as they exist in the population.
41
Survey research
A useful way of obtaining data about people’s opinions, attitudes, preferences, and experiences that are hard to observe directly; data may be obtained using questionnaires or interviews.
42
Systematic random sampling
A variation of random sampling in which a researcher selects every nth person from the population.
43
Validity
The extent to which a survey actually measures the intended topic and not something else.
44
Willingness to answer
The differences among people in their style of responding to questions they are unsure about; some people will leave these questions blank, whereas others will take a guess
45
Yea-sayers
People who are apt to agree with a question regardless of its manifest content.

Expe p1 Fi (1 decks)

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