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Physics > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

Waves that travel backwards and forwards

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2
Q

Name the parts of the wave ?

A

Trough - bottom of the wave
Amplitude - measurement between the resting line and the crest
Crest - top of the wave
Wavelength - distance between two points on the wave

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3
Q

How do you work out wavespeed ?

A

Frequency(hz) multiplied by wavelength (m)

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4
Q

What is heat ?

A

ENERGY. Measured in J

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5
Q

What is the ozone made of and how is it damaged ?

A

O3 and CFCs break down the O3 into O2 and O radicals which damages the ozone

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6
Q

What are the dangers of UV?

A

Sunburn
Blisters
Cataract
Cancer

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7
Q

Name the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A 
Radio wave 
Microwave 
Infrared 
Visible 
UV
X-ray 
Gamma
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8
Q

What colours is hot and cold on a thermogram ?

A

Hot - light colours white, yellow / red

Cold - dark colours black , dark blue / purple

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9
Q

What is specific latent heat ?

A

The energy needed to change the state of something

Energy = mass times SLH

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10
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of aluminium
Copper
And iron

A

Aluminium -910
Iron- 475
Copper - 390

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11
Q

What can P and S waves travel through ?

A

P - solid and liquid

S - solid

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12
Q

Name 4 types of energy ?

A 
GPE
chemical
Nuclear
Thermal 
Kinetic
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13
Q

What travels faster P waves or S waves ?

What does P and S mean ?

A

P waves travel faster

Primary and secondary

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14
Q

What is a transverse wave

A

Movement is at a right angle to direction of the wave up and down

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15
Q

Why when a substance melts or boils it doesn’t change tempurature?

A

The heat energy is being used to break intermolecular forces between particles

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16
Q

What are analogue waves ?

What are digital waves ?

A

Analogue - same shape as electromagnetic waves and they take any value in a range
Digital - straight line wave and take one ore two values either on or off / 1or 2

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17
Q

What are the advantages of the laser beams ?

A

They are in phase and the same wavelength also they are increased amplitude with a low divergence

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18
Q

How do you calculate safe time ?

A

How long you take to burn in mins times SPF = safe time

19
Q

How can you reduce heat loss from the home ?

A 
Loft insulation 
Double glazing 
Thick curtains 
Draft proofing 
Hot water tank cover
20
Q

What is total internal refraction and reflection ?

A

Refraction - if angle of incidence is below the critical angle
Reflection - if angle of incidence is above the critical angle light is totally internally reflected

21
Q

What is tempurature ?

A

A measure of kinetic energy of particles in a substance measured in C F and K

22
Q

Do analogue or digital waves receive more interference ?

A

Analogue as waves must be amplified along the way and every time they are the waves lose signal quality and the interference is not easily ignored

23
Q

What is diffraction ?

A

When waves spread out at edges when the pass through a gap

24
Q

What is specific heat capacity ?

A

The amount of energy something can store

Energy = mass times SHC times tempurature change

25
Q

What is convection ?

A

More energetic particles move from hotter reigeion to cooler region taking heat with it as when the air heats up it is less dense so it rises and then as it cools it becomes denser and falls
Convection current

26
Q

What is conduction ?

A

In non metals vibrating particles pass on extra kinetic energy to their neighbor particles they don’t have free electrons so warm up slower .
In metals they conduct by free electrons which move faster so heat up quickly

27
Q

What do transverse waves cause ?

A

They are S waves and cause the ground to move side to side

28
Q

What are longitudinal waves cause ?

A

They are p waves and cause earth to move up and down

29
Q

What is radiation ?

A

It travels in infrared waves and doesn’t require particles to transfer heat

30
Q

What are the differences between laser beams and light ?

A

Light beams are not in phase , they have a messy wave with inconsistent properties
Lasers are the same wavelength and in phase

31
Q

What is multiplexing ?

A

Light / electricity that can be sent to multiple areas

32
Q

What is total internal reflection ?

A

When I the angle of incidence is above the critical angle it is totally internally reflected as in optic fibres

33
Q

Put these in order of the electromagnetic spectrum

Radio , gamma , visible , microwave, uv , infrared , X-rays

A 
Radio 
Microwaves 
Infared 
Visible 
Uv
X-ray 
Gamma
34
Q

What wave has a higher frequency , microwaves or gamma waves ?

A

Gamma waves

35
Q

What is the disadvantages of diffraction ?

What are the advantages?

A

It weakens the signals but the waves can reach more houses and people

36
Q

What happens to microwaves when they are sent up to space (in the atmosphere )?

A

Waves are sent from radio transmitters , they are refracted to the iron sphere where only high frequency waves can get through , the waves are then reflected (total internal reflection ) back to earth then back up again until signal is picked up .

37
Q

What is interference ?

A

When many versions of the same signal reach the receiver

38
Q

How do lasers read CDs (digital information) ?

A

The CD has billions of lands (areas between the pits) .
A laser beam is reflected from each land and pit differently ,these signals are picked up by a light sensor the signals can be changed into electrical signals

39
Q

What is DAB and what are the advantages and disadvantages ?

A

DAB is digital audio broadcasting , it’s a type of radio receiving digital signals rather than analogue but can also receive old FM radio signals (analogue )
Advantages-
More stations
Less interference with broadcasts from other stations
Disadvantages-
Audio quality is not as good as FM
Some areas can’t receive DAB as the short wavelength can’t detract well

40
Q

What are the common uses of wierless technology?

A

Tv
Radio
Mobile phones
Laptops

41
Q

What does long distance communication depend on ?

A

It delends on the refraction resulting in reflection of the waves from the ironsphere
And the waves being received and re transmitted from satellites
Refraction and reflection in the ironsphere is similar to the TIR for light

42
Q

Explain how refraction and diffraction of radiation can affect the communication?

A

Refraction at different interface of different layers of the earths atmosphere
Diffraction by transmission dishes resulting in signal loss

43
Q

How does signal loss with microwaves happen ?

A
  • adverse weather scatters signal,s
  • loss of line of sight due to curvature if the earth
  • no diffraction around large objects
  • interference between signals
44
Q

How can signal loss of microwaves be reduced ?

A

Limiting the distance between transmitters and high positioning of transmitters

Physics (5 decks)

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