P1: Bonding, Structure & Properties Of Matter

Question 1

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.

Answer 1

Very close in a regular pattern.

Question 2

Describe the movement of particles in a solid.

Answer 2

Vibrate around a fixed position, with low energy.

Question 3

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid.

Answer 3

Close, randomly arranged.

Question 4

Describe the movement of particles in a liquid.

Answer 4

Move around eachother.

Question 5

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.

Answer 5

Far apart and randomly arranged.

Question 6

Describe the movement of particles in a gas.

Answer 6

Moving at random speeds in all direction.

Question 7

What is an ionic lattice?

Answer 7

The regular arrangement of ions in an ionic substance.

Question 8

How can you tell which ionic compounds are giant structures?

Answer 8

ALL ionic compounds are giant structures of ions with an ionic lattice.

Question 9

What is an ionic lattice held together by?

Answer 9

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.

Question 10

What are the structural properties of diamond?

Answer 10

-Each carbon atom is joined to four other carbon atoms by strong covalent bonds
-There are no free electrons

Question 11

What are the properties of diamond?

Answer 11

Hard, high melting and boiling points, doesn’t conduct electricity.

Question 12

Describe the structure of graphite.

Answer 12

-Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
-No covalent bonds between layers
-Weak forces between layers
-One delocalised electron from each atom

Question 13

Describe and explain the properties of graphite

Answer 13

-Conducts electricity: delocalised electrons are free to move between layers
-Slippery: Weak intermolecular forces between layers in graphite

Question 14

What is one layer of graphite called?

Answer 14

Graphene.

Question 15

What are the properties of Graphene?

Answer 15

High melting point, very strong, conducts electricity.

Question 16

Explain the properties of Graphene.

Answer 16

Strong covalent bonds between the carbon atoms, delocalised electrons that are free to move across its surface.

Question 17

What are fullerenes?

Answer 17

Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes.

Question 18

What are the uses of fullerenes?

Answer 18

Conductors, lubricant, delivering medication around the body, nanotechnology.

Question 19

What are the properties of buckminsterfullerenes? State and explain them.

Answer 19

Slippery with low melting points because there are weak intermolecular forces between molecules.

Question 20

What is a nanotube?

Answer 20

A layer of graphite rolled into a cylinder.

Question 21

What are nanotubes used for?

Answer 21

Nanotechnology, electronics and specialised materials.

Question 22

What is a polymer?

Answer 22

A large molecule formed from many smaller identical smaller molecules known as monomers.

Question 23

What are the properties of polymers?

Answer 23

High boiling and melting points.

Question 24

What are the properties of metals?

Answer 24

Conducts electricity, good conductors of thermal energy, high melting and boiling points.

Question 25

Why are metals electrical conductors?

Answer 25

Because their delocalised electrons carry electrical charge through the metal.

Question 26

Why are metals good conductors of thermal energy?

Answer 26

Because their delocalised electrons transfer energy

Question 27

Why do metals have high melting points and boiling points?

Answer 27

Because the metallic bonding in the giant structure of a metal is very strong - large amounts of energy are needed to overcome the metallic bonds in melting and boiling

Question 28

What is an alloy?

Answer 28

A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.

Question 29

Why do people use alloys instead of pure metals?

Answer 29

Because many pure metals are too soft for use.

Question 30

Why are alloys so strong?

Answer 30

In an alloy, there are atoms of different sides, which distort the layers of atoms in the pure metal. This means that a greater force is required for the layers to slide over each other.

Question 31

What are the uses of nanoparticulate materials?

Answer 31

Medical treatments, cosmetics, deodorants and sunscreens, electronics and catalysts.

Question 32

What are the properties of nanomaterials?

Answer 32

-Hard (so do not erode as quickly as normal metals) -Strong (not vulnerable to damage, do not bend out of shape)

Question 33

What are the benefits of using nanoparticles instead of fine particles? (2 reasons)

Answer 33

-Less can be used -Greater surface area : volume ratio.

Question 34

Do simple molecules conduct electricity? Why/why not?

Answer 34

They don't because they don't have charge.