P1 Chemical Changes

Question 1

What is oxidation in terms of oxygen?

Answer 1

the gain of oxygen

Question 2

What is reduction in terms of oxygen?

Answer 2

The loss of oxygen

Question 3

How would metal oxides be reduced?

Answer 3

by removing oxygen

Question 4

What is the reactivity series in order?

Answer 4

K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, C, Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt

Question 5

What do metals form when they react?

Answer 5

Positive ions

Question 6

What makes a metal more reactive?

Answer 6

Whether it looses electrons easily

Question 7

What are the products of a metal + water?

Answer 7

metal hydroxide + hyrdogen

Question 8

What is the product of metal + oxygen?

Answer 8

metal oxide

Question 9

What is the product of metal + acid?

Answer 9

metal salt + hydrogen

Question 10

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 10

Where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal compound - taking its place

Question 11

How can unreactive metals be found naturally?

Answer 11

In their pure form

Question 12

How are most metals found naturally?

Answer 12

as a metal oxide

Question 13

How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted?

Answer 13

reduction with carbon via heating

Question 14

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?

Answer 14

electrolysis

Question 15

What acronym can be used to remember oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons?

Answer 15

OILRIG

Question 16

What is another name for an alkali?

Answer 16

a (soluble) base

Question 17

What neutralises an acid?

Answer 17

a base

Question 18

How do we know that a neutralisation reaction creates a neutral substance?

Answer 18

H+ and OH- ions react to form H20 which has a pH of 7 so the solution must be neutral.

Question 19

What are the products for acid + metal hydroxide?

Answer 19

salt + water

Question 20

What are the products for acid + metal oxide?

Answer 20

salt + water

Question 21

what are the products for acid + metal carbonate?

Answer 21

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 22

How are salts produced?

Answer 22

When the hydrogen is replaced by a metal ion

Question 23

What kind of salt does hydrochloric acid produce?

Answer 23

chlorides

Question 24

What kind of salt does nitric acid produce?

Answer 24

nitrates

Question 25

What kind of salt does sulfuric acid produce?

Answer 25

sulfates

Question 26

What happens when substances dissolve in water?

Answer 26

they disassociate into individual ions

Question 27

What ions do alkalis contain?

Answer 27

OH-

Question 28

What ions do acids contain?

Answer 28

H+

Question 29

How can pH be measured?

Answer 29

a pH probe or using indicator

Question 30

What are two examples of indicator that can be used to determine pH?

Answer 30

- litmus (red to blue) - universal indicator (range of colours)

Question 31

What happens to strong acids in water?

Answer 31

They are completely ionised

Question 32

Give an example of a strong and a weak acid.

Answer 32

strong = hydrochloric weak = ethanoic

Question 33

What is the pH another measure of?

Answer 33

The concentration of H+ ions in a substance

Question 34

What happens as the pH decreases by 1 unit?

Answer 34

The concentration of H+ ions has increased by a factor of 10

Question 35

What does a higher concentration of H+ ions mean for the pH?

Answer 35

the pH is lower