P1 - Energy

Question 1

Name 8 stores of energy

Answer 1

magnetic
internal (thermal)
chemical
kinetic
electrostatic
elastic potential
gravitational potential
nuclear

Question 2

Magnetic energy

Answer 2

The energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart.

Question 3

Kinetic

Answer 3

The energy of a moving object.

Question 4

Define internal (thermal) energy

Answer 4

The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object, in most cases this is the vibrations - also known as the kinetic energy - of particles.

Question 5

Define Chemical Energy

Answer 5

The energy stored in chemical bonds, such as those between molecules.

Question 6

Gravitational potential

Answer 6

The energy of an object at height.

Question 7

four types of energy transfer

Answer 7

mechanical work
electrical work
heating
radiation

Question 8

mechanical work

Answer 8

a force moving an object through a distance

Question 9

electrical work

Answer 9

charges moving due to a potential difference

Question 10

What is heat?

Answer 10

Heat is the flow of kinetic energy from one object to another.

Question 11

radiation

Answer 11

energy transferred as a wave

Question 12

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

Answer 12

1/2 x mass x velocity squared

Question 13

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

Answer 13

1/2 x spring constant x extension squared

Question 14

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

Answer 14

Mass x GFS x height

Question 15

What is the Specific Heat Capacity of a substance?

Answer 15

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree.

Question 16

Define power.

Answer 16

The rate at which energy is transferred ( work is done)

Question 17

Equation for power.

Answer 17

Power = work done ( energy transferred) / time

Question 18

Describe the energy transferences for a bungee jumper.

Answer 18

When falling GPE is converted into KE of the jumper. As the cord tightens KE is transferred and stored as EPE. At the jumpers lowest point the amount of GPE at the jumpers highest point is the same as the EPE stored in the cord.

Question 19

Explain why a bungee jumper slows down when the cord begins to stretch.

Answer 19

KE is converted into EPE and since KE is proportional to velocity squared as KE decreases so does velocity.

Question 20

Give examples of chemical energy stores.

Answer 20

Food, fuel, batteries.

Question 21

What is waste energy?

Answer 21

The energy that is not used by it’s device for it’s desired purpose.

Question 22

Describe the energy changes that occur in a filament light-bulb.

Answer 22

Electrical energy is transferred into light and heat energy.
Light is a useful energy form, heat is a waste energy form

Question 23

Equation for efficiency.

Answer 23

Useful power input / total power output

Question 24

How can efficiency of a system be increased?

Answer 24

Waste energy reduced
Recycling waste output

Question 25

What is thermal conductivity?

Answer 25

The rate of heat energy transfer by conduction across a material.

Question 26

What key factors affect the rate of cooling of a building?

Answer 26

Thickness of the walls Thermal conductivity of walls

Question 27

Do double-glazed windows have a lower or higher thermal conductivity than single-glazed windows?

Answer 27

Lower, meaning less energy transfers through them.

Question 28

State the consequence for a energy transfer of a material that has a high thermal conductivity?

Answer 28

The rate of energy transfer through the material is high. Heat energy is lost through it.

Question 29

How can the efficiency of a radiator be increased?

Answer 29

Installing foil metal sheets behind the radiator to reflect the heat back in to the room rather than it being absorbed by the walls

Question 30

What is a renewable energy resource?

Answer 30

An energy source that can be replenished as it is being used up.

Question 31

4 examples of a renewable energy resource.

Answer 31

Solar Energy Wind Energy Hydro-electricity Tidal Energy

Question 32

Three disadvantages of using renewable energy.

Answer 32

Unreliable less efficient than non-renewable sources expensive

Question 33

What are the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels?

Answer 33

Carbon dioxide enhances the greenhouse effect Sulphur dioxide causes acid rain

Question 34

3 advantages of fossil fuels.

Answer 34

Reliable Can produced large amounts of energy Relatively abundant - so cost effective

Question 35

3 advantages of nuclear power.

Answer 35

Doesn't release greenhouse gases. Large amounts of energy for small amounts of fuel Low fuel costs

Question 36

3 disadvantages of nuclear power.

Answer 36

1. Non-renewable energy resource 2. Releases nuclear waste, harmful to humans 3. Risk of nuclear accidents - fatal and has consequences on the environment

Question 37

How does hydro-electric power produce energy?

Answer 37

Rainwater collects behind a dam When the water is released it turns a turbine Turbine turns a generator which produces electricity

Question 38

3 disadvantages of biofuels

Answer 38

release greenhouse gases Need to destroy land (burning crops or destroying habitats) Land could be used to farm food

Question 39

Advantages of tidal energy

Answer 39

No greenhouse gases produced Cheap to run as tides are natural Reliable as tides happen twice a day

Question 40

Disadvantages of hydro - electric power.

Answer 40

May cause flooding Can cost a lot to install the required infrastructure

Question 41

Two social factors which may act as a deterrent for wind farms.

Answer 41

Visual Pollution Noise Pollution

Question 42

Advantages of solar panels.

Answer 42

Can be used easily in remote areas where other types of energy are less accessible. Causes no harm to environment. Renewable

Question 43

Conservation of energy law.

Answer 43

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred usefully, stored or dissipated.

Question 44

Unit for SHC.

Answer 44

J/kg (degrees celcius)

Question 45

What does 1 Watt mean?

Answer 45

An energy transfer of 1 joule per second.

Question 46

What are the energy store changes when an object is accelerated by a constant force?

Answer 46

Work is done on the object. The work is transferred to the store of kinetic energy causing it to move.

Question 47

What is work done?

Answer 47

The amount of energy transferred.

Question 48

Equation for work done.

Answer 48

Work done = force x distance

Question 49

What is the equation for thermal energy?

Answer 49

Mass x SHC x change in temperature

Question 50

What are the advantages of natural gas compared to coal?

Answer 50

Releases less greenhouse gas emissions Burns more efficiently making it better cost wise

Question 51

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

Answer 51

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a substance. Heat is the flow of kinetic energy.