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P1 Energy Flashcards

sankey diagrams (66 cards)

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1
Q

Gravitational Potential energy definition

A

energy stored due to the position of an object in gravitational fields

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2
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

energy stored in an object’s elastic energy store when it is stretched or compressed

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3
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy possessed by an object when it’s moving

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4
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

the energy need to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celcius

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5
Q

Efficiency

A

a measure of how good a device is at transferring energy usefully

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6
Q

Elastic potential energy EN

A

energy stored when an object is being stretched or compressed

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7
Q

Magnetic energy store

A

energy stored when repelling poles are pushed together or attracting poles pulled apart
- the energy stored between magnets

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8
Q

nuclear energy store

A

energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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9
Q

what are the factors affecting the kinetic energy store?

A

mass and speed

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10
Q

what are the factors affecting the GPE store

A

mass and height

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11
Q

what are the factors affecting power?

A

the amount of work done
and the time taken for work to be done

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12
Q

what are the factors affecting SHC

A

change in temperature

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13
Q

what are the factors affecting the elastic potential store?

A

extension and spring constant (stiffness)

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14
Q

How does extension affect the elastic potential store

A

greater extension —> greater elastic potential energy

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15
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

energy can be transferred, stored or
dissipated but never created or destroyed.

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16
Q

What is a closed system?

A

a group of objects energy can’t leave or enter

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17
Q

what are the 4 energy pathways?

A

radiation, heating, electrical work, mechanical work

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18
Q

what is radiation?
(energy pathway)

A

energy transferred as waves

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19
Q

what is heating?
( energy pathway)

A

temperature difference caused electrically or by chemical reaction

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20
Q

what is electrical work?
( energy pathway)

A

charges moving due to a potential difference

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21
Q

what is mechanical work?
( energy pathway)

A

a force moving an object through a distance

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22
Q

chemical energy store

A

energy stored in chemical bonds such as those between molecules

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23
Q

thermal energy store

A

energy stored within an objects temperature

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24
Q

what is renewable energy?

A

An energy resource that can be replenished whilst
it is being used.

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25
what is non renewable energy?
resources that are used faster than they can be replaced
26
what are examples of renewable energy?
wind, solar, biofuels
27
what are examples of non- renewables
coal, natural gas, oil
28
what are fossil fuels
non- renewable energy source that are made from decomposing plants and animals
29
what do fossil fuels contains?
contain carbon and hydrogen which can be burnt for energy
30
What are 4 advantages of fossil fuels
1. reliable 2. cheap 3. easy to store 4. high energy density
31
what are 2 disadvantages of fossil fuels?
1. non- renewable 2. contributes to climate change ---> releases large amounts of CO2 into atmosphere
32
what is nuclear power?
a form of non- renewable energy that is released from the nucleus
33
What are 3 advantages of nuclear power?
1.No CO2 emissions 2. very high energy density 3. has large reserves
34
what are 4 disadvantages of nuclear power?
1. risk of terrorism 2. radioactive waste 3. high decommissioning cost 4. huge negative environmental issues if disaster at station
35
what 2 chemicals does nuclear power release?
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
36
What are the environmental issues of nuclear power?
releases chemicals such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide ---> which become pollutants in the air ---> and when mixed with water vapour becomes acid rain
37
What does acid rain do? (3)
1. lowers PH of lakes ----> lakes become acidic and aquatic life unable to survive in conditions 2. causes buildings to erode and anything made of limestone 3. leaches in way of agricultural lands
38
what are the methods for reducing the effects of nuclear power? (4)
1. reduce consumption 2. use alternative fuels 3. cleaning emissions 4. carbon capture
39
what is hydroelectricity?
a renewable source of energy that uses moving water to drive turbines
40
what are 3 advantages of hydroelectricity?
1. reliable ---> doesn't depend on weather systems 2. 0 emissions ---> uses water 3. controllable for demand
41
what are 2 disadvantages of hydroelectricity?
1. blocks rivers ---> floods land upstream --> destroys habitats - rots vegetation ---> which releasing CO2 and methane 2. lack of suitable locations (valleys)
42
what is tidal energy?
a renewable source of energy that is powered by the natural rise and fall of tides
43
What are 3 advantages of tidal energy?
1. renewable 2. 0 emissions 3. reliable ---->happens 2x a day successfully
44
what are 3 disadvantages of tidal energy?
1. expensive 2. has to have certain location 3. unreliable ---> doesn't provide constant source of power
45
what is wave energy?
renewable energy source that uses the movement of waves to generate electricity
46
What are 2 advantages of wave energy?
1. renewable 2. 0 emissions
47
what are 5 disadvantages of wave energy?
1. only suitable in certain locations 2. inefficient ---> waves tend to die out if no wind 3. Expensive 4. Disturbing sea bed and habitats of marine animals 5. Visual pollution
48
wind power definition?
.
49
what are 3 advantages of wind power?
1. renewable 2. 0 emissions 3. produces 70 - 85% of electricity on average
50
What are 3 disadvantages of wind power
1. expensive 2. visual and noise pollution 3. not always windy - low wind speed = less energy -windmills designed to stop spinning above certain speeds
51
what is solar energy?
renewable energy source that uses the energy transferred to the earth from the sun by light and thermal radiation
52
what are 2 advantages of solar radiation?
1. renewable 2. 0 emissions
53
what are 2 disadvantages of solar radiation?
1. expensive 2. only daytime - no sun = less energy
54
what is geothermal energy?
heat energy from the earth
55
what are 2 advantages of geothermal energy?
1. renewable 2. 0 emissions
56
what are 2 disadvantages of geothermal energy?
1. specific locations ---> sufficient temperatures ( volcanic areas where hot rocks lie near surface) 2. expensive ---> cost of building power plant is high compared to the energy produced
57
what are biofuels?
fuels made from plant material
58
what are 3 advantages of biofuels?
1. renewable 2. reliable constant supply ---> bcus crops take shot time to grow 3. can be replenished whilst being used
59
what are 3 disadvantages of biofuels?
1. contributes to global warming ---> burning releases CO2 and methane 2. land used to grow biofuels can't be used to grow crops---> reduced space for food crops 3. large areas of forest have been cleared in order to make room to grow biofuels ----> species lose habitats
60
what can lubricants be used for?
to reduce the friction between the object's surfaces when they move so less energy is dissipated
61
what is the units for gravity in (mgh)
N/kg
62
what is the unit for height?
metres (m)
63
what is the unit for spring constant?
N/m
64
what is the symbol for spring constant?
K
65
what is the symbol fir SHC?
C
66
what is the units for SHC?
J/kg degrees celcius

Physics (8 decks)

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