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GCSE Physics Revision > P1 - Energy - Revision - GCSE > Flashcards

P1 - Energy - Revision - GCSE Flashcards

1
Q

Energy
What is energy

A

Something needed for stuff to happen

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2
Q

Energy
What is a system?

A

An object or group of objects

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3
Q

Energy
What is energy measured in?

A

Joules

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4
Q

Energy
What is the law of the conservation of energy?

A

Energy is never created or destroyed, only shifted from one store to another

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5
Q

Energy
What are the 8 stores of energy?

A

Kinetic
Thermal
Nuclear
Vibrational
Gravitational potential
Electric and magnetic / electromagnetic
Chemical
Elastic

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6
Q

Energy
What is chemical energy

A

Energy released from chemical fuels

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7
Q

Energy
Where is nuclear energy found

A

In the nuclei of atoms

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8
Q

Energy
What is vibrational energy?

A

Light and sound energy

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9
Q

Energy
What is elastic potential energy

A

The potential for something to spring back to its original position

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10
Q

Energy
What is gravitational potential energy

A

The potential for something to fall / something that an object has if it is able to fall

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11
Q

Gravitational potential energy
What is the equation of gravitational potential energy?

A

Ep = mgh
Gravitational energy - mass x gravitational field strength x height

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12
Q

Gravitational potential energy
What is the gravitational field strength on earth to 1dp

A

9.8 N/Kg

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13
Q

Gravitational potential energy
What is mass measured in for this equation?

A

Kg

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14
Q

Gravitational potential energy
What is gravitational potential energy measured in

A

Joules (J)

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15
Q

Gravitational potential energy
What is height measured in for this equation?

A

m - metres

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16
Q

Gravitational potential energy
What is the definition of gravitational potential energy

A

Something that an object has if it is able to fall

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17
Q

Gravitational potential energy
How many joules is one MJ

A

1 million Joules (10 to the power 6)

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18
Q

Gravitational potential energy
What method should you show your working with when working with this equation?

A

3 step method
State equation
State values
Work out answer

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19
Q

Power
What is power?

A

Rate at which an appliance shifts energy

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20
Q

Power
What is power measured in?

A

Watts

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21
Q

Power
What are watts in terms of joules?

A

Joules per second

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22
Q

Power
What is the equation for power? (Derivable from definition)

A

P = E / t
Power = energy shifted / time

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23
Q

Power
What symbols do we use for power, energy and time in the equation for power

A

P = power
E - energy
t - time

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24
Q

Power
What other equation describes power?

A

Power = work done/time

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25
Q

Power
What is work done?

A

Energy shifted x time
W = E x t

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26
Q

Efficiency
What is efficiency?

A

How much energy is converted to a useful store compared to how much energy is taken in

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27
Q

Efficiency
What is useful energy?

A

Desired energy

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28
Q

Efficiency
What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Useful energy in/total energy in
Can be asked for asa percentage - if so then multiply by 100

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29
Q

Efficiency
What should you watch out for in energy efficiency questions

A

Whether they want the answer as a decimal or percentage

30
Q

Kinetic energy
What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy of moving objects

31
Q

Kinetic energy
What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

0.5 x mass x velocity squared

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dqO4sy4Njg
Derivation using calculus included below :)

32
Q

Kinetic energy
What is acceleration measured in?

A

m/s squared

33
Q

Specific heat capacity
What is specific heat capacity?

A

The energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1 degree

34
Q

Specific heat capacity
What is the equation for specific heat capacity? Use the ‘ energy = ‘ form as it is required by the syllabus

A

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
Specific heat capacity = energy / mass x temperature change
(Derivable from definition)

35
Q

Specific heat capacity
What is specific heat capacity measured in?

A

J / Kg degrees Celsius

36
Q

Specific heat capacity
What is mass measured in?

A

Kg

37
Q

Specific heat capacity
What is energy measured in?

A

Joules (J)

38
Q

Specific heat capacity
What is temperature change measured in?

A

Degrees Celsius

39
Q

Specific heat capacity
What is the first step in a method to measure specific heat capacity?

A

Weigh a block of metal (which has two cylindrical holes) using a set of scales

40
Q

Specific heat capacity
What is the second step of a method to measure specific heat capacity?

A

Place heating rod into cylindrical hole in metal block

41
Q

Specific heat capacity
What is a step which should be taken to minimise error in the method to measure specific heat capacity (step 2)

A

Ensure the rod is fully in contact with the metal block

42
Q

Specific heat capacity
Make this third step for the method for specific heat capacity correct:
Link the heating rod in a circuit connected to a power pack, resistor and voltmeter

A

Change the word resistor with voltmeter

43
Q

Specific heat capacity
What should be placed around the metal block to prevent heat loss increasing specific heat capacity?

A

An insulating material (wool for instance)

44
Q

Specific heat capacity
What should be placed in the second hole of the metal block in a method to measure specific heat capacity?

A

A thermometer

45
Q

Specific heat capacity
True or false: you do not need to take a reading of initial temperature in an experiment finding specific heat capacity

A

False: you do have to do that

46
Q

Specific heat capacity
Fill in the gaps in these final stages of a method to find specific heat capacity
Every minute, for 10 minutes, measure the temperature of the block
Draw a graph with _____ (___ x ____) in the y axis and ____ x ______ on the x axis
What does the gradient of the graph show?

A

Energy (current x voltage - obviously) and mass x temperature on the x axis
Specific heat capacity = gradient

47
Q

Energy sources
What is renewable energy

A

Energy sources that can be replaced as they are used

48
Q

Energy sources
What is non renewable energy?

A

Energy sources that will run out as we only have a finite supply of them

49
Q

Energy sources
Give 2 examples of non renewable energy sources

A

Fossil fuels
Nuclear power

50
Q

Energy sources
True or false: nuclear energy is likely to run out

A

False - this is what makes it almost renewable as we have such a large supply of atoms

51
Q

Energy sources
Give 7 examples of renewable energy sources

A

Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Hydroelectric
Biofuels
Wave
Tidal

52
Q

Energy sources
How does wind energy work?

A

Wind turns blade, which turns turbine, which turns generator

53
Q

Energy sources
Select which renewable energy sources are:
Low in running cost

A

Wind
Solar
Hydroelectric
Wave
Tidal
Geothermal
(Basically all except biofuels as biofuels need constant fuel supply)

54
Q

Energy sources
Select which renewable energy sources are:
Pollutants (of any kind)

A

Wind - visual and noise
Solar - visual and indirect pollutants through manufacturing
Hydroelectric - environmental impact and visual pollution
Biofuels - produces carbon dioxide but is carbon neutral as also plants plants
Wave - Environmental disturbance
Tidal - environmental disturbance/visual pollution
Basically all except geothermal - most due to visual/environmental and only biofuels produce carbon but are carbon neutral

55
Q

Energy sources
Select which renewable energy sources:
Have high initial costs

A

Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tidal
Hydroelectric
Wave
(Not biofuels as tech already there)

56
Q

Energy sources
Select which renewable energy sources are:
Reliable

A

Solar - in sunny areas
Geothermal
Hydroelectric - apart from in drought
Biofuels - apart from bad harvests
Tidal
(Not wave or wind as rely on wind)

57
Q

Energy sources
How does solar power work

A

Solar energy used to generate current

58
Q

Energy sources
How does geothermal energy work?

A

Thermal energy due to solar radioactive decay of uranium heats water, produces steam, moves turbine generator

59
Q

Energy sources
How does hydroelectric energy work?

A

Valley flooded and then emptied at a controlled rate, turning a generator

60
Q

Energy sources
How do biofuels work?

A

Animal and plant products are burned to produce electricity or fuel to run cars

61
Q

Energy sources
How does wave energy work?

A

Up and down motion of waves changes air pressure, moving turbine generator

62
Q

Energy sources
How does tidal energy work?

A

Dams allow water in at high tide and then control flow of water out to turn turbine

63
Q

Energy sources
What are 3 examples of fossil fuels?

A

Coal, oil, gas

64
Q

Energy sources
What are 3 advantages of fossil fuels?

A

Cheap, easy access, immediate demand satisfaction

65
Q

Energy sources
What are 2 disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A

Co2 produced
Finite resource

66
Q

Energy sources
How does nuclear energy work

A

Nuclear fuels (eg uranium and plutonium) - decay and produce heat (or neutrons can be fired at atoms to decay them)

67
Q

Energy sources
True or false: nuclear energy produces Co2

A

True

68
Q

Energy sources
True or false: nuclear energy produces much more energy per kg of fuel than coal

A

True

69
Q

Energy sources
What is one big disadvantage and one smaller disadvantage of nuclear fuel?

A

Nuclear waste - difficult to dispose of and harmful to human and animal health
Non renewable (finite)

70
Q

Power stations
What are the 4 stages of energy production in power stations (fossil fuels)

A
  1. Fossil fuels burned to produce thermal energy
  2. Heats up water to make steam
  3. Steam turns turbine
  4. Turbine turns generator to generate electricity
71
Q

Power stations
True or false: when answering a 6 marker comparing energy sources you should use:
Comparative language (on the one hand… / however…/ overall …
Precise statements (not like cheap / expensive without explaining why eg easy to access or little infrastructure needed)
Don’t use evidence from the text given
Link advantage of one to disadvantage of other (this one is cheap whereas the other is expensive)

A

True

GCSE Physics Revision (5 decks)

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