P1 - Immunological concepts, Immune system

Question 1

Role of the immune system

Answer 1

Recognition
=> immune response
=> elimination, immunotolerance, ignorance

Question 2

2 hyperfunction disease of immune system

Answer 2

autoimmunity, hypersensitivity

Question 3

1 hyporfunction disease of immune system

Answer 3

immune deficiency cancer

Question 4

3 Therapeutic approaches for immune diseases

Answer 4

increase - vaccination
inhibition - transplantation
immune modulation - desenzitization

Question 5

PARTICIPANTS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
-> What is the BIOLOGICAL APPROACH?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the 3 types of recognition?

Answer 6

1. PAMP recognition
2. Native antigen recognition
3. Processed antigen recognition

Question 7

4 Main features of adaptive immune response

Answer 7

1. Specificity - The answer is specific to the recognized molecule
2. Sensitivity - A very low amount of the specific molecule is enough to trigger an immune response
3. Memory
4. Selectivity- There is a wide range of preformed receptors, and the cell clone that has the most appropriate receptor for a particular molecule (antigen) is selected

Question 8

What is Antigen determinant (epitope)?

Answer 8

the part of an antigen that is recognized by the specific antigen receptors (TCR or BCR)

Question 9

Can 1 antigen have several epitopes?

Answer 9

Yes, One antigen has several epitopes

Question 10

Is Hapten immunogenic?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Is it immunogenic? Why?

Answer 11

Yes, because it has happen + carrier

Question 12

What are the 2 types of epitopes?

Answer 12

Linear and conformational

Question 13

What is hematopoiesis

Answer 13

Production of immune cells

Question 14

How is hematopoiesis occur in BONE MARROW?

Answer 14

Question 15

3 Features of immune cells

Answer 15

• Dynamic cell composition
• Differentiation
• Morphological and functional categories

Question 16

Where does Production of immune cells occur?

Answer 16

in primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus)

Question 17

Where does Differentiation of immune cells occur?

Answer 17

1. in peripheral lymphoid organs ( lymph nodes, spleen, skin, mucosa associated lymphoid tissues)
2. at the place of immune response

Question 18

What is Immunophenotyping?

Answer 18

specific labeling of cell surface (or intracellular) proteins to identify a cell population. The specificity of this staining is guaranteed by antigen- antibody reaction. (see FACS presentation)

Question 19

How does Immunophenotyping work?

Answer 19

1. Identification of leukocyte subpopulations
2. Detection of the functional and maturation state of leukocytes

Question 20

What are 2 types of Lymphocyte subpopulations

Answer 20

CD markers and cytoplasmic proteins

Question 21

What are 2 types of Lymphocyte subpopulations

Answer 21

CD markers and cytoplasmic proteins

Question 22

Recognition of antigens is based on ___.

Answer 22

ENCOUNTER

Question 23

____have to arrive to invading antigens.

Answer 23

Antigen-specific lymphocytes

Question 24

WHAT IS THE CONSEQUENCE OF ANTIGEN RECOGNITION?

Answer 24

1. Humoral immune response: antibody mediated immune response
2. Cell-mediated immune response: cells are the effectors

Question 25

CONSEQUENCE OF ANTIGEN RECOGNITION -> What is happening here?

Answer 25

Question 26

How do we employ immunological toolbar in diagnostics and therapy?

Answer 26

- IN DIAGNOSTICS: diagnostical antibodies; complement molecules... - IN THERAPY: therapeutical antibodies, cytokines, dendritic cells...

Question 27

5 Basic laboratory tests of the immune cells

Answer 27

1. Complete blood count with differential 2. Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow smear 3. Cytochemical reactions 4. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry 5. Cytogenetics, molecular genetics (See in Genetics and genomics)

Question 28

What is the aim of Complete blood count?

Answer 28

1) Presence or absence of blood cell types 2) Ratio of cell types 3) Aberrant cell types

Question 29

What is characteristics of Flow cytometry?

Answer 29

distribution by the size and granularity of granulocytes

Question 30

Classification of acut leukemia with myeloid specific stains (example)

Answer 30

Question 31

Classification of acut leukemia with myeloid specific stains (example)

Answer 31