P1:Matter

Question 1

What was jj Thomsons 1897 model of the atom

Answer 1

Atoms weren’t solid spheres.
Must contain smaller negatively charged particles-electrons.
Plum pudding model.
Negative electrons spread throughout the positive matter.

Question 2

In 1909 , what experiment did Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden conduct

Answer 2

Gold foil experiment.
Sent positive alpha particles at an extremely thing sheet of gold.
They should have pass straight through, but some deflected more than expected

Question 3

What did the gold foil experiment lead to

Answer 3

Rutherford nuclear atom.
Most of mass is in a nucleus, surrounded by a “cloud” of electrons .
Most of the atom is empty space

Question 4

What was the issue with the nuclear atom model

Answer 4

The electrons in a cloud around a nucleus is would be attracted to the nucleus, so the atom would collapse

Question 5

What did Niels Bohr introduce

Answer 5

Electron shells/orbitals.
Electrons can only exist in these fixed shells.
Each shell has a fixed energy

Question 6

What makes up an atom

Answer 6

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 7

Density=

Answer 7

Mass/volume

Question 8

Mass=

Answer 8

Density x volume

Question 9

What are the three states of matter

Answer 9

Solid, liquid and Gas

Question 10

Liquid turning into gas is

Answer 10

Evaporation

Question 11

Solid into a gas is

Answer 11

Sublimating

Question 12

Liquid into a solid is

Answer 12

Freezing

Question 13

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 13

The change in energy in a substances thermal energy store needed to raise the temp of 1kg by 1•c

Question 14

Change in thermal energy(j)=

Answer 14

Mass(kg) x specific heat capacity (j/kg•c) x change in temperature (•c)

Question 15

What is specific latent heat of a change of state

Answer 15

Change of energy in its thermal energy store when 1kg of the substance changes state without changing temp

Question 16

Specific latent heat differs in..

Answer 16

.. different materials

…different changes of state

Question 17

Thermal energy for a change in state (j)=

Answer 17

Mass(kg) x specific latent heat (j/kg)

Question 18

Higher temperature means … pressure

Answer 18

…= higher

Question 19

Pressure(pa)=

Answer 19

Constant/volume(m3)

Question 20

If a gas is in a container that can change volume, and you decrease the pressure, what happens to the volume

Answer 20

Decreases