P1 - The Earth in the Universe

Question 1

Moons

Answer 1

Balls of rock which orbit planets

Question 2

How many planet in our solar system are solid rock?

Answer 2

The four closest to the sun

Question 3

How many planet in our solar system are gas giants?

Answer 3

The four furthest from the sun

Question 4

Asteroids

Answer 4

Irregular lumps of rock, mostly in near-circular orbit between mars and Jupiter

Question 5

Comets

Answer 5

Small objects made of rock and ice, with very elongated orbits around the sun

Question 6

Dwarf planets

Answer 6

Small spherical lumps if rock in orbit around the sun

Question 7

What percentage of the solar system’s mass is in the sun?

Answer 7

99%

Question 8

Light year

Answer 8

The distance that light travels in a year

Question 9

How far is a light year?

Answer 9

9.5 million kilometres

Question 10

How fast does light travel in space?

Answer 10

3.0 x10^5 km/s OR 300,000 km/s OR 3 x 10^8 m/s

Question 11

Relative brightness

Answer 11

How bright things seem

Question 12

Real brightness

Answer 12

How bright something actually is

Question 13

Nuclear fusion

Answer 13

When hydrogen nuclei are jammed together at such a high pressure that they combine to form helium nuclei

Question 14

Nuclear fusion word equation

Answer 14

Hydrogen nucleus + Hydrogen nucleus -> Helium nuclei

Question 15

Supernova

Answer 15

A large explosion where all the different chemical elements are made

Question 16

When was the solar system made?

Answer 16

About 5000 million years ago

Question 17

Redshift

Answer 17

The increase in wavelength from a galaxy moving away

Question 18

The universe started expanding rapidly from a single point when?

Answer 18

About 14000 million years ago

Question 19

When was the sun created?

Answer 19

About 5000 million years ago

Question 20

When was the earth created?

Answer 20

About 4500 million years ago

Question 21

What evidence supports the Big Bang theory?

Answer 21

The cosmic background radiation

Question 22

Erosion

Answer 22

The wearing away of rock or other surface material

Question 23

Sediments

Answer 23

Particles of rock in water that settle to the bottom

Question 24

Fossils

Answer 24

Preserved evidence of a dead animal or plant. Mostly plastered in rock.

Question 25

Geologists

Answer 25

Scientists which study rocks

Question 26

Sedimentation

Answer 26

When eroded rock fragments are transported by wind, water and ice, broken up further and deposited on riverbeds and in the sea

Question 27

What are the three types of rock?

Answer 27

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

Question 28

Name an example of each rock type:

Answer 28

Igneous: Obsidian, Granite Sedimentary: Limestone, Mudstone Metamorphic: Marble, Slate

Question 29

Who thought of the theory of continental drift and when?

Answer 29

Alfred Wegener in 1915

Question 30

Why didn't geologists accept Wegener's theory at first? 3 reasons

Answer 30

- They already had other, similar theories which explained some of his observations - Nobody could explain or measure the movement of the continents - Wegener was not a trained geologist and his theory was very different from the others

Question 31

Sea floor spreading

Answer 31

The process during which the sea floor between continents moves apart and increases by a few centimetres each year

Question 32

Tectonic plate

Answer 32

Huge slabs of rock which make up the crust and upper mantle

Question 33

Plate boundaries

Answer 33

Where tectonic plates meet

Question 34

What three directions do plates move in?

Answer 34

Apart, together or past each other

Question 35

How are volcanoes formed? 2 ways

Answer 35

* When liquid magma is forced through cracks where tectonic plates are moving apart * When one tectonic plate is forced under another heading towards it

Question 36

How are fold mountains formed?

Answer 36

When two tectonic plates meet head on

Question 37

Earthquakes

Answer 37

Releases of energy from tectonic plates sliding past each other

Question 38

What layers make up the earth?

Answer 38

The crust, mantle, outer core and inner core

Question 39

The crust

Answer 39

The relatively thin and rocky outermost layer of the earth

Question 40

The mantle

Answer 40

Semi liquid rock which resides under the crust and moves slowly

Question 41

The outer core

Answer 41

A layer of liquid nickel and iron about 2200km thick in the centre of the earth

Question 42

The inner core

Answer 42

Solid nickel and iron about 1250km thick in the very centre of the earth

Question 43

What are two types of seismic wave which occur when tectonic plates suddenly move?

Answer 43

P and S Waves

Question 44

Properties of P-Waves:

Answer 44

- They move quickly through solid crust and liquid core - Longitudinal waves - Particles vibrates along the direction of motion of the waves

Question 45

Properties of S-Waves:

Answer 45

- Only move slowly through the solid crust - Transverse waves - The particles vibrate at right angles to the direction of motion of the wave

Question 46

Amplitude

Answer 46

The maximum height of the disturbance from the undisturbed position

Question 47

Wavelength

Answer 47

The distance from one maximum disturbance to the next

Question 48

Speed, distance, time formula:

Answer 48

Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) / Time (s)

Question 49

Frequency

Answer 49

The number of vibrations of the source in one second

Question 50

How many planets are in the solar system?

Answer 50

Eight

Question 51

Oscilloscope

Answer 51

A machine that display waves on a screen

Question 52

A loud sound has a ... Amplitude

Answer 52

Large

Question 53

A high pitched sound has a ... Wavelength

Answer 53

Short

Question 55

The Wave Equation:

Answer 55

Wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x Wavelength (m)