P1.1

Question 1

Hot he hooted an object…

Answer 1

…the more infrared radiation it gives out in a given period of time

Question 2

What are dark, Matt surfaces?

Answer 2

Good radiation emitters

Good radiation absorbers

Question 3

What are light, shiny surfaces?

Answer 3

Poor radiation emitter

Poor radiation absorber

Question 4

What are light, shiny objects good at?

Answer 4

Reflecting infrared radiation

Question 5

What does emit mean?

Answer 5

To ‘give out’

Question 6

What does a does absorb mean?

Answer 6

To ‘take on’

Question 7

What are objects made up of?

Answer 7

Particles that are constantly moving

Question 8

What is a solid?

Answer 8

Particles can just vibrate about fixed positions. Solids have a fixed shape.

Question 9

What is a liquid?

Answer 9

Particles move around by stay close together. Liquids can flow.

Question 10

What is a gas?

Answer 10

Particles move fast and have lots of space between them. Gases full a container and can flow.

Question 11

What happens when a solid is given more energy?

Answer 11

They start to move around and become a liquid.

Question 12

What happens when a liquid is given more energy?

Answer 12

The move apart and become a gas

Question 13

What does the amount of energy a particle has related to?

Answer 13

The temperature of the material

Question 14

Name the ways energy is transferred from one place to another?

Answer 14

• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
• Evaporation
• Condensation

Question 15

Describe the process of conduction

Answer 15

When the particles in a solid are given more energy the vibrate more. They collide with neighbouring particles, which causes these particles to vibrate more. In this way energy spreads through the solid . In metals there are free electrons that help transfer the energy, making metals good conductors.

Question 16

Describe the process of convection.

Answer 16

When particles in a liquid or gas are given more energy, they move faster and spread out. The density is lower so the hot material rises. It is replaced by the Cool material, so a convection current is set up.

Question 17

Describe the process of evaporation

Answer 17

The fastest-moving particles on the surface of a liquid escape as a gas. This is called evaporation. The average energy of the remaining particles is less, so the remaining liquid is cooler.

Question 18

Describe the process of condensation

Answer 18

If energy is transferred from particles in a gas the particles will form droplets of liquid. This is called condensation.

Question 19

What does the rate at which energy is transferred to or from the object depend on?

Answer 19

• Material from which the object is made or the material it is packed in. Insulators transfer heat more slowly.
• The surface are and volume of the object. Greater surface area means faster rate of energy transfer.
• The properties of the surface of the object. Full, dark surfaces emit or absorb radiation at a higher rate.

Question 20

What is a U-value?

Answer 20

U-Values compare how much energy is transferred through materials in a given time

Question 21

The lower the U-Value…

Answer 21

…the better the material is as an insulator

Question 22

What kind of U-Value do metals have?

Answer 22

Metals have high U-Values

Question 23

What is the specific heat capacity?

Answer 23

The specific heat capacity of a material is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the material by 1 degrees Celsius

Question 24

What is the specific heat capacity equation?

Answer 24

E=M x C x feta

Question 25

What does the ‘E’ stand for in the specific heat capacity equation?

Answer 25

E is the energy transferred in joules (j)

Question 26

What does the ‘M’ stand for in the specific heat capacity equation?

Answer 26

M is the mass of the material in kilograms (kg)

Question 27

What does the ‘C’ stand for in the specific heat capacity equation?

Answer 27

C is the specific heat capacity in J/Kg(degrees c)

Question 28

What does feta stand for in the specific heat capacity equation?

Answer 28

Feta is the temperature change (in degrees Celsius)

Question 29

What are solar panels?

Answer 29

Solar panels are on roofs and they use the Sun’s energy to heat water

Question 30

How do solar panels work?

Answer 30

The panels contain pipes. Cold water enters the pipes and is heated up by energy from the sun. This energy passes from the heated water to cooler water in the tank overnight.

Question 31

What does the amount of infrared radiation emitted or absorbed by an object depend on?

Answer 31

It’s temperature and its surface