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Physics > P1.5 > Flashcards

P1.5 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the oscillations in a transverse wave

A

They are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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2
Q

Describe the oscillations in a longitudinal wave

A

They are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

Are electromagnetic waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Transverse

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4
Q

Are sound waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Longitudinal

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5
Q

Are mechanical waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Both (could be transverse OR longitudinal)

TRICKED YOU LMAO

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6
Q

Can all electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum (space)?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What do all electromagnetic waves have in common?

A

They are all transverse

They all travel through a vacuum (space) at the same speed

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8
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Waves which cover a continuous range of wavelengths

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9
Q

Name all the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum

A 
Radio
Microwave
Infrared 
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma ray
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10
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the longest wavelength?

A

Radio waves

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11
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the shortest wavelength?

A

Gamma rays

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12
Q

What is the range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

About 10 ^–15 metres to more than 10 ^4 metres

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13
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma rays

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14
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the lowest frequency?

A

Radio waves

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15
Q

What is the range of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

About 10^4 Hz to 10^20 Hz

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16
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the most energy?

A

Gamma rays

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17
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the least energy?

A

Radio waves

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18
Q

What do longitudinal waves show?

A

Areas of compression and areas of rarefaction

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19
Q

What is compression?

A

Where particles are close together (increasing density in that area)

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20
Q

What is rarefaction?

A

Areas where the particles are more spread out (less dense)

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21
Q

How can waves be affected?

A

By reflection, refraction and diffraction

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22
Q

What is refraction?

A

When waves change speed if they have passed a boundary between mediums of different densities, causing the direction of the wave to change

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23
Q

When are waves not refracted?

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A

When they are travelling along the normal line

24
Q

What do waves transfer?

25
What is diffraction?
When waves pass a gap and become more spread out as a result
26
What is reflection?
When a wave 'bounces off' a surface
27
What is amplitude?
The maximum disturbance from the undisturbed position of the wave (Distance from the top of the wave to the line running through the middle)
28
When is diffraction most significant?
When the wavelength of the wave is the same size as the gap/obstacle
29
What is wavelength?
The distance from one point on the wave to the same point on the next wave (e.g. trough to trough or crest to crest)
30
What is frequency?
How many waves are produced per second
31
Give the equation which links frequency, wavelength and wave speed
Wave speed= frequency x wavelength
32
What unit is frequency given in?
Hertz (Hz)
33
Which types of electromagnetic waves are used for communication?
Radio waves Microwaves Infrared radiation Visible light
34
In what situations would radio waves be used for communication?
In television and radio | Diffraction effects are used
35
In what situations would microwaves be used for communication?
Mobile phones | Satellite television
36
In what situations would infrared radiation be used for communication?
Remote controls
37
In what situations would visible light be used for communication?
In photography
38
What is the normal?
A line perpendicular (at 90°) to the surface at the point of incidence
39
What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?
These angles are equal
40
What are the two types of wave?
Transverse | Longitudinal
42
What is the nature of an image produced in a plane mirror?
Virtual Upright Laterally inverted
42
What type of wave is a sound wave?
Longitudinal
42
How are sound waves created?
By vibrations in a medium
43
What is the pitch of a sound determined by?
The frequency of the sound waves
44
What is the loudness of a sound determined by?
It he amplitude of the sound waves
45
What are echoes?
Reflections of sounds
47
What is the Doppler effect?
When the distance between a wave source and a person changes, which causes a change in the observed wavelength and frequency
48
What could the wave source (in the Doppler effect) be?
Light waves Sound waves Microwaves
49
What happens to the observed wavelength and frequency when the wave source moves away from the observer?
Wavelength increases | Frequency decreases
50
What is red-shift?
The effect observed that the further away galaxies are, the faster they are moving and the greater the increase in wavelength
51
What does red-shift show?
That the universe is expanding
52
What theory does red-shift support?
The Big Bang theory
53
What is the Big Bang theory?
The idea that the universe began from a small initial point
54
What does CMBR stand for?
Cosmic microwave background radiation
55
What is CMBR?
A type of radiation filling the universe, which has developed from radiation present after the universe first began
56
Which theory is the only one that can explain CMBR?
The Big Bang theory
57
What happens to the observed wavelength and frequency when the wave source moves towards the observer?
Wavelength decreases | Frequency increases

Physics (5 decks)

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