Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cogpsych (vis, pers.) > P2 > Flashcards

P2 Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Is the set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli

A

PERCEPTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

he introduced the concepts of perception and provided a useful framework for studying perception in his influential work.

A

James Gibson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the concepts of perception?

A
  • DISTAL (far) OBJECT
  • INFORMATIONAL MEDIUM
  • PROXIMAL (near) STIMULATION
  • PERCEPTUAL OBJECT (what you see)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a uniform visual field is called?

A

Ganzfeld

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a uniform visual field is called Ganzfeld means ‘complete field’

A

GANZFELD EFFECT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ganzfeld means

A

complete field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mental presentation of a stimulus that is perceived.

A

PERCEPT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function: Processes location and motion information.

A

Dorsal Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dorsal Pathway is?

A

Where Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Path: Ascends from the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe to the parietal lobe.

A

Dorsal Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Deficit Example: Lesions in the parietal lobe can impair the ability to locate objects

A

Dorsal Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function: Processes the color, shape, and identity of visual stimuli.

A

Ventral Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Path: Descends from the primary visual cortex to the
temporal lobe.

A

Ventral Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Deficit Example: Lesions in the temporal lobe can impair object recognition

A

Ventral Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ventral Pathway is?

A

What Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What-How Hypothesis:

A

Alternative Interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alternative Interpretation is proposed by?

A

Goodale and colleagues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Concept: Instead of just “what” and “where,” the pathways relate to “what” an object is and “how” we can interact with it

A

Alternative Interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Responsible for object identification.

A

Ventral Stream (What Pathway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Controls movements related to the identified objects

A

Dorsal Stream (How Pathway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

These theories suggest that
perception starts with the sensory stimuli taken in by our
eyes, and then the brain processes this data. It is a
data-driven approach

A

Bottom-Up Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

These theories propose that
perception is influenced by higher-level cognitive processes, existing knowledge, and expectations. Perception starts with what we know and expect, then considers the sensory data

A

Top-Down Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the BOTTOM - UP THEORIES?

A

DIRECT PERCEPTION
TEMPLATE THEORIES
FEATURE MATCHING THEORIES
RECOGNITION - BY - COMPONENTS THEORY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the information in
our sensory receptors, including the sensory context, is all we need to perceive anything.

A

DIRECT PERCEPTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
indicates that direct perception may be involves in person perception
Neuroscience
26
suggest that our minds store myriad sets of templates
TEMPLATE THEORIES
27
Template matching theories belong to the group of?
chunk-based theories
28
Letters of the alphabet are simpler than faces and other complex stimuli.
NEUROSCIENCE AND TEMPLATE THEORIES
29
we attempt to match features of a pattern to features tored in memory, rather than to match a whole pattern to a template or a prototype.
FEATURE - MATCHING THEORIES
30
In this model, metaphoric “demons” with specific duties recieve and analyze the features of a stimulus.
THE PANDEMONIUM MODEL
31
was a mathematician and computer scientist who pioneered the early foundations of modern artificial intelligence
Oliver Gordon Selfridge
32
4 KINDS OF DEMONS:
* Image demons * Feature demons * Cognitive demons * Decision demons
33
Seeing with the help of Geometric shape called
Geons
34
Geometric shape
Irving Biederman
35
are viewpoint-invariant, so studies should show that neurons exist that react to properties of an object that stay the same, no matter whether you look at them from the front or the side.
Geons
36
Are the influences of the surrounding environment on the perception
Context Effect
37
One reason for favoring the constructive approach is that ___ theories of perception do not fully explain context effects.
bottom-up (data-driven)
38
the individual stores the way the object looks to him or her
VIEWER-CENTERED REPRESENTATION
39
the individual stores a representation of the object, independent of its appearance to the viewer.
OBJECT-CENTERED REPRESENTATION
40
information is categorized by its relation to a well-known or prominent.
LANDMARK-CENTERED REPRESENTATION
41
Developed in Germany in the early twentieth century.
GESTALT LAWS
42
It is particularly useful for understanding how we perceive groups of objects or parts of objects to form integral wholes
GESTALT LAWS
43
GESTALT LAWS was founded by:
Kurt Koffka (1886–1941) Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1968) Max Wertheimer (1880–1943
44
It is based on the notion that the whole differs from the sum of its individual parts
GESTALT LAWS
45
showed that only humans misjudged the size of the central circle in the Ebbinghaus illusion, whereas baboons did not
experiment by Parron and Fagot
46
recognizing parts of objects and in assembling those parts into distinctive wholes.
FEATURE ANALYSIS SYSTEM
47
recognizing larger configurations, not analyzing parts of objects or the construction of the objects
CONFIGURATIONAL SYSTEM
48
Studies indicate that emotional processing increases activation within the fusiform gyrus when people process faces.
FUSIFORM GYRUS AND EMOTION
49
who often have impaired emotional recognition, show less activation in the fusiform gyrus compared to non-autistic individuals.
AUTISM AND EMOTIONAL RECOGNITION
50
Not all researchers agree that the fusiform gyrus is specialized solely for face perception. Some argue that while it shows the greatest activation for face perception, other brain areas also activate to a lesser degree when perceiving faces.
*FACE PERCEPTION SPECIALIZATION
51
The fusiform gyrus is activated when examining items of visual expertise. For instance, bird or car experts show fusiform gyrus activation when differentiating among similar items within their domain of expertise
EXPERT-INDIVIDUATION HYPOTHESIS
52
the inability to recognize faces, highlights the critical role of the fusiform gyrus. Individuals with this condition can detect emotions but cannot recognize whether the face belongs to a familiar person.
PROSOPAGNOSIA
53
struggle with recognizing emotions in faces, likely due to atypical eye movement patterns.
SCHIZOPHRENIA AND FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION
54
when our perception of an object remains the same even though the sensory input (proximal sensation) changes
PERCEPTUAL CONSTANCIES
55
TWO MAIN CONSTANCIES
1.Size Constancy 2.Shape Constancy
56
The perception that an object maintains the same size despite changes in the size of the proximal stimulus.
SIZE CONSTANCY
57
The perception that an object maintains the same shape despite changes in the shape of the proximal stimulus.
SHAPE CONSTANCY
58
involves using various cues to perceive the distance of objects.
DEPTH PERCEPTION
59
these are visual signals that help the brain perceive how far away objects are
DEPTH CUES
60
the 2 CUES AND MECHANISMS
1. Monocular 2. Binocular
61
visual signals that help us perceive depth and distance using just one eye.
MONOCULAR DEPTH MECHANISM
62
visual signals that help us perceive depth and distance using both eyes
BINOCULAR DEPTH MECHANISM
63
trouble perceiving sensory information
AGNOSIA
64
can perceive the colors and shapes of objects and persons, but they cannot recognize what objects are.
AGNOSIA
65
have trouble with the ‘what’ pathway
Agnosia
66
an individual is unable to pay attention to more than one object at a time.
SIMULTAGNOSIA
67
severely impaired ability to recognize human faces.
PROSOPAGNASIA
68
impaired ability to use the visual system to guide movement.
OPTIC ATAXIA
69
have trouble reaching for reaching things
OPTIC ATAXIA
70
the “how” is impaired.
OPTIC ATAXIA
71
common in men than in women and are often genetically linked. These deficits can also result from lesions in the ventromedial occipital and temporal lobes.
Color perception deficits
72
Least common form of color deficiency
Color perception deficits
73
Complete absence of color vision
Color perception deficits
74
Cones are nonfunctional; vision is limited to shades of gray perceived through rods
Color perception deficits
75
Only two out of three mechanisms for color perception function correctly
Color perception deficits
76
Results in different types of color blindness: Red-Green Color Blindness, Protanopia, Deuteranopia, Tritanopia, etc
Color perception deficits
77

Cogpsych (vis, pers.) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions