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A Level Psychology > P2 Approaches: Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

P2 Approaches: Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychic determinism

A

All behaviour is caused by unconscious internal conflicts, over which we have no control

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2
Q

What are the assumptions

A
  1. Unconscious processes, of which we are unaware, determine our behaviour
  2. Personality has three parts: the id, ego and superego
  3. Early childhood experiences determine adult personality
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3
Q

Who founded the psychodynamic approach

A

Signmund freud

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4
Q

What are the three aspects of the mind

A
  1. The conscious
  2. The preconscious
  3. The unconscious
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5
Q

What is the conscious

A

The small amount of mental activity we know about (e.g. thoughts, perceptions)

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6
Q

What is the preconscious

A

Things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried E.g. memories, stored knowledge

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7
Q

What is the unconscious

A

Things we are unaware of and can not become aware of (e.g. instincts, deeply buried memories)

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8
Q

How can we access the unconscious

A
  1. Dream analysis
  2. Free association
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9
Q

How do dream analysis work

A

Repressed ideas in the unconscious are more likely to appear in dreams that when we are awake - Freud referred to these ideas as the latent content of dreams

The manifest content is the dream as it appears to the dreamer

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10
Q

How does free association work

A

The individual is encouraged to relax and say anything that comes into their mind, no matter how absurd

The idea is that the ego will be unable to carry out its normal role of keeping check of the threatening unconscious impulses and the conflict can be brought into consciousness

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11
Q

What are Freudian slips

A

Slips of the toy hue which may also reveal what is really on our mind

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12
Q

What is the structure of personality

A
  1. Id
  2. Ego
  3. Superego
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13
Q

What is the id

A
  • primitive part of our personality
  • pleasure principle
  • mass of unconscious drives and instincts
  • only present at birth
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14
Q

What is the ego

A
  • develops from 2 years old
    -reality principle
  • focused on balancing other two parts with rational thought
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15
Q

What is the superego

A
  • morality principle
  • develop from 3-5 years old
  • focused obeying learnt rules of society and uses guilt
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16
Q

What happens if the id is more dominant

A

The person can become impulsive and uncontrollable

17
Q

What would happen if the superego is more dominant

A

The person can become incredibly moralistic and judgmental

18
Q

What did Freud believe about children

A

That they’re born with libido (sexual urge)

19
Q

Oral stage info
- age
- Focus of pleasure
- successful completion
- fixation

A
  • 0-1
  • mouth, tongue, lips
  • weaning off breast feeding or formula
  • smoking, overeating
20
Q

Anal stage info
- age
- Focus of pleasure
- successful completion
- fixation

A
  • 1-3
  • anus
  • toilet training
  • orderliness, messiness
21
Q

Phallic stage info
- age
- Focus of pleasure
- successful completion
- fixation

A
  • 3-6
    -genitals
  • resolving Oedipus/electra complex
  • deviancy, sexual dysfunction
22
Q

Latency stage info
- age
- Focus of pleasure
- successful completion
- fixation

A
  • 6-12
  • sexual urges sublimated into sports and other hobbies
  • none
  • none
23
Q

Genital stage info
- age
- Focus of pleasure
- successful completion
- fixation

A
  • 12+
  • genitals
  • reaching full sexual maturity
  • if all stages were successfully completed then the person should be sexually matured and mentally healthy
24
Q

What are defence mechanisms

A

Unconscious processes that reduce anxiety felt by the ego by distorting reality

25
Q

What are the three defence mechanisms

A

Repression
Denial
Displacement

26
Q

What is repression

A

Forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind

27
Q

What is denial

A

Refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

28
Q

What is displacement

A

Transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion into a substitute target

29
Q

Advantages?

A
  • real world applications = introduced the idea of psychotherapy. Shows the value of the psychodynamic approach in creating a new approach to treatment
30
Q

Disadvantages?

A
  • untestable = Karl Popper argued that the approach doesn’t meet the criterion of falsification. It’s not open to empirical testing. Suggests them at freud’s theory was pseudoscience

A Level Psychology (14 decks)

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