P2 Exam Flashcards
(60 cards)
Maria is a 32-year-old woman who has recently started experiencing intense episodes of fear that seem to come
out of nowhere. These episodes involve a rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, dizziness, and a fear of losing control.
These symptoms usually last for about 10 minutes, but the experience is so overwhelming that Maria feels exhausted afterward. She has started avoiding certain places, such as crowded malls and public transportation, fearing that she might have another episode. Maria is worried about her mental health and wonders if these episodes might be related to stress at work or some underlying health issue.
A. Panic Disorder
B. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C. Agoraphobia
D. Social Anxiety Disorder
A. Panic Disorder
A person with a specific phobia is likely to experience intense fear in response to which of the following?
A. Separation from a loved one
B. A specific object or situation
C. Public speaking
D. Crowded places
B. A specific object or situation
Lisa is a 35-year-old woman who has been feeling increasingly anxious about various aspects of her life, including her job, health, and finances. She often finds herself worrying excessively about things that might go wrong, even
when there is no clear reason to worry. These worries are difficult to control and cause her significant distress,
affecting her sleep and concentration.
A. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
B. Panic Disorder
C. Specific Phobia
D. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Two patients are diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Patient A presents with chronic fatigue,
diminished concentration, and significant weight loss. Patient B exhibits feelings of hopelessness, excessive guilt, and recurrent thoughts of death. How do these differences in symptom presentation influence the clinical diagnosis and understanding of MDD in these patients?
A. Patient A’s symptoms suggest a more severe form of MDD, while Patient B may be experiencing an atypical
depression that requires additional diagnostic criteria.
B. Both patients meet the diagnostic criteria for MDD, but Patient B’s symptoms indicate a higher risk for suicidal behavior, warranting immediate intervention.
C. The differences in symptoms do not affect the diagnosis since both patients meet the criteria for MDD and should
be diagnosed with the same subtype of the disorder.
D Patient A’s physical symptoms suggest that their MDD is more likely influenced by external factors, while Patient
B’s cognitive symptoms indicate a more biologically-driven depression.
B. Both patients meet the diagnostic criteria for MDD, but Patient B’s symptoms indicate a higher risk for suicidal behavior, warranting immediate intervention.
A 42-year-old patient presents with a two-year history of persistent fatigue, low energy, difficulty concentrating, and a general sense of hopelessness. The patient reports that these symptoms have been present nearly every day, with no periods of feeling entirely symptom-free. However, there has never been a period that meets the full criteria for a
Major Depressive Episode. The patient also denies any significant mood fluctuations or manic symptoms. Given this clinical picture, what is the most appropriate diagnosis?
A. Bipolar Disorder
B. Persistent Depressive Disorder
C. Major Depressive Disorder
D. Double Depression
B. Persistent Depressive Disorder
This is the hallmark feature of bipolar disorder
A. Manic episode
B. Hopelessness
C. Agitation
D. Inhibited
A. Manic episode
Which of the following is correct in pairing?
A. MDD: Chronic; PDD: Episodic
B. PMDD: Episodic; MDD: Chronic
C. Schizophrenia: Episodic; Bipolar: Chronic
D. ADHD: Chronic ; Bipolar I: Episodic
D. ADHD: Chronic ; Bipolar I: Episodic
A 7-year-old child exhibits excessive distress when separated from their parents, frequent nightmares involving
themes of separation, and physical complaints such as stomachaches on school days. The parents report that these behaviors have persisted for over six months and are significantly interfering with the child’s ability to function in
school and social settings. Considering the diagnostic criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), which of the following factors would be most important to assess further to confirm the diagnosis?
a) The presence of a traumatic event that could have triggered the child’s anxiety about separation.
b) The child’s attachment style and relationship dynamics with caregivers.
c) Whether the symptoms occur only in specific settings or across multiple environments.
d) The child’s developmental history and any previous history of anxiety disorders.
c) Whether the symptoms occur only in specific settings or across multiple environments.
A 6-year-old child consistently speaks freely at home with immediate family members but remains completely silent
at school, despite being able to communicate nonverbally and showing no signs of language difficulties. This behavior has persisted for more than a year, causing concern among teachers and affecting the child’s participation in classroom activities. Which of the following would be the most critical aspect to investigate further to understand whether the child meets the diagnostic criteria for Selective Mutism?
A. The presence of any underlying speech or language disorders that may contribute to the child’s silence in social
settings.
B. The child’s level of comfort and familiarity with the school environment and peers.
C. The consistency of the child’s inability to speak across different social situations outside the home.
D. The possibility of any traumatic events that may have occurred within the school environment.
C. The consistency of the child’s inability to speak across different social situations outside the home.
A patient has been avoiding crowded places, open spaces, and public transportation for the past 8 months, fearing they may have a panic attack and be unable to escape or get help. The patient reports intense anxiety when even thinking about these situations. Considering the criteria for agoraphobia, how might the patient’s avoidance
behavior evolve if left untreated, and what could be the potential long-term impact on their daily functioning?
A. The avoidance behaviors might spread to other situations, leading to increased social isolation and a significant
reduction in the patient’s ability to maintain employment or engage in daily activities.
B. The patient may develop a tolerance to their fears over time, leading to a gradual decrease in avoidance and anxiety related to public spaces.
C. The avoidance behavior is likely to remain isolated to current situations, with minimal impact on the patient’s overall functioning outside of those contexts.
D. The avoidance behaviors may decrease without intervention as the patient becomes more desensitized to the
feared situations over time.
A. The avoidance behaviors might spread to other situations, leading to increased social isolation and a significant
reduction in the patient’s ability to maintain employment or engage in daily activities.
Maria has recently started a new job and finds herself excessively worrying about upcoming meetings. She fears
that she will say something embarrassing or that her coworkers will judge her negatively. As a result, she has started
avoiding social interactions at work, and when she must attend, she experiences intense sweating, trembling, and
nausea. Based on Maria’s symptoms, how might this anxiety impact her job performance, and what coping strategies
could she apply to manage these feelings in the workplace?
A. Her anxiety is unlikely to affect her job performance, but practicing public speaking might help her improve.
B. Her anxiety will likely result in her resigning from her job; seeking a different job might resolve her symptoms.
C. Her anxiety will improve on its own over time, with no significant impact on her work performance.
D. Her anxiety might lead to decreased productivity and missed opportunities for collaboration; she could try gradual
exposure to social situations at work.
D. Her anxiety might lead to decreased productivity and missed opportunities for collaboration; she could try gradual exposure to social situations at work.
Analyze the role of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. How might these hallucinations differ from similar symptoms in other psychiatric disorders, and what implications does this have for differential diagnosis?
A. Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are generally less severe and less frequent than in bipolar disorder,
making differential diagnosis easier.
B. Auditory hallucinations are unique to schizophrenia and do not occur in other psychiatric disorders, simplifying
diagnosis.
C. Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are often more persistent and complex than in other disorders, which helps in distinguishing it from conditions like major depressive disorder.
D. Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are indistinguishable from those in other disorders, making diagnosis
challenging.
C. Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are often more persistent and complex than in other disorders, which helps in distinguishing it from conditions like major depressive disorder.
Given that schizophrenia is often associated with a high degree of stigma, evaluate the potential effects of this stigma on a patient’s willingness to seek treatment and adhere to medication.
A. Stigma may encourage patients to seek treatment to prove their commitment to recovery.
B. Stigma may discourage patients from seeking treatment and lead to poor medication adherence, exacerbating their symptoms.
C. Stigma has no significant effect on treatment-seeking behavior or medication adherence in schizophrenia.
D. Stigma may improve medication adherence, as patients seek to avoid criticism from others.
B. Stigma may discourage patients from seeking treatment and lead to poor medication adherence, exacerbating their symptoms.
Consider the relationship between schizophrenia and substance use disorders. How might the co-occurrence of these conditions impact the diagnostic process and treatment approach?
A. Co-occurring substance use disorders may complicate the diagnosis of schizophrenia and necessitate an integrated treatment approach addressing both conditions simultaneously.
B. Substance use disorders have no significant impact on the diagnosis of schizophrenia and can be treated separately without affecting schizophrenia management.
C. The presence of a substance use disorder indicates that schizophrenia is not the primary diagnosis, leading to exclusion of schizophrenia as a diagnosis.
D. Substance use disorders simplify the diagnosis of schizophrenia by providing a clear distinction between primary and secondary symptoms.
A. Co-occurring substance use disorders may complicate the diagnosis of schizophrenia and necessitate an integrated treatment approach addressing both conditions simultaneously.
Analyze how the presence of disorganized speech and behavior in a patient might affect the diagnostic process
for schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. How might these symptoms influence the differentiation from other mental health disorders?
A. It is crucial in diagnosing schizophrenia and helps differentiate it from mood disorders and other psychotic disorders by indicating a severe disruption in cognitive functioning.
B. Disorganized speech and behavior are less relevant for diagnosing schizophrenia compared to symptoms like
delusions and hallucinations.
C. Disorganized symptoms are common in all mental health disorders, making them ineffective for distinguishing
schizophrenia from other conditions.
D. Disorganized symptoms primarily impact the diagnosis of mood disorders rather than schizophrenia.
A. It is crucial in diagnosing schizophrenia and helps differentiate it from mood disorders and other psychotic disorders by indicating a severe disruption in cognitive functioning.
Evaluate the diagnostic criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder and how it compares with Schizoaffective Disorder
regarding symptom overlap and differentiation. How does the presence of mood episodes affect this differentiation?
A. Both disorders have identical criteria for diagnosis, with no significant differences in symptom presentation or
overlap.
B. Schizoaffective Disorder is diagnosed based on psychotic symptoms alone, with mood episodes being secondary and not affecting differentiation from Schizophreniform Disorder.
C. Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by psychotic symptoms without mood episodes, while Schizoaffective
Disorder includes both mood and psychotic symptoms, making the presence of mood episodes a key differentiator.
D. Schizophreniform Disorder involves mood symptoms, while Schizoaffective Disorder focuses solely on psychotic symptoms, creating clear differentiation.
C. Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by psychotic symptoms without mood episodes, while Schizoaffective
Disorder includes both mood and psychotic symptoms, making the presence of mood episodes a key differentiator.
A patient experiences a sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, and
disorganized speech lasting for less than one month. After this episode, the patient returns to baseline functioning.
Which diagnosis best describes this patient’s condition?
A. Delusional Disorder
B. Schizophreniform Disorder
C. Schizoaffective Disorder
D. Brief Psychotic Disorder
D. Brief Psychotic Disorder
Considering the diagnosis of Schizoaffective Disorder, what could be the significance of mood disturbances in relation to the psychotic symptoms. How does the presence of mood symptoms influence the diagnostic process?
A. In Schizoaffective Disorder, the presence of significant mood disturbances concurrent with psychotic symptoms is crucial for diagnosis.
B. Mood disturbances are less important for diagnosing Schizoaffective Disorder compared to psychotic symptoms,
which are the primary focus.
C. Mood disturbances in Schizoaffective Disorder only affect the treatment approach, not the diagnostic criteria.
D.. Mood disturbances are considered only after diagnosing Schizophrenia or another primary psychotic disorder.
A. In Schizoaffective Disorder, the presence of significant mood disturbances concurrent with psychotic symptoms is crucial for diagnosis.
A patient presents with fixed, false beliefs that persist for at least one month but does not exhibit other symptoms
of schizophrenia. The patient is otherwise functioning well and does not have significant mood disturbances. Which
disorder is the most appropriate diagnosis for this patient?
A. Brief Psychotic Disorder
B. Schizophreniform Disorder
C. Delusional Disorder
D. Schizoaffective Disorder
C. Delusional Disorder
Distinguish the diagnostic criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder and Brief Psychotic Disorder. How would a clinician differentiate between these two disorders based on symptom duration and functional impairment?
A. Both disorders have a similar duration and level of functional impairment, making differentiation based solely on these factors difficult.
B. Brief Psychotic Disorder is identified by more severe symptoms than Schizophreniform Disorder, with no
consideration given to duration.
C. Schizophreniform Disorder has a more chronic course, while Brief Psychotic Disorder is acute and usually does
not affect functionality.
D. Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting from one to six months with varying levels of
functional impairment, whereas Brief Psychotic Disorder has a duration of less than one month with significant impairment during the episode but returning to baseline after.
D. Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting from one to six months with varying levels of
functional impairment, whereas Brief Psychotic Disorder has a duration of less than one month with significant impairment during the episode but returning to baseline after.
A person experiences alternating periods of hypomania and depressive episodes, but has never had a manic
episode. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
A. Bipolar I Disorder
B. Bipolar II Disorder
C.Cyclothymic Disorder
D. Major Depressive Disorder
B. Bipolar II Disorder
In the diagnostic criteria for Cyclothymic Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder. How do the criteria for mood episodes in Cyclothymic Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder contribute to the differentiation between these two disorders?
A. Cyclothymic Disorder has chronic, less intense mood swings, while Bipolar II Disorder includes clear hypomanic
and depressive episodes.
B. Cyclothymic Disorder involves brief mood changes, whereas Bipolar II Disorder requires continuous mood
instability.
C. Bipolar II Disorder includes major depressive episodes, which are not required for Cyclothymic Disorder.
D. Cyclothymic Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder are similar in having no significant mood episode requirements.
A. Cyclothymic Disorder has chronic, less intense mood swings, while Bipolar II Disorder includes clear hypomanic and depressive episodes.
A patient presents with a mood disorder characterized by at least one manic episode and one or more major
depressive episodes. Which disorder is most consistent with this presentation?
A. Bipolar I Disorder
B. Bipolar II Disorder
C. Cyclothymic Disorder
D. Unspecified Bipolar Disorder
A. Bipolar I Disorder
Imagine you are a clinician assessing a patient who reports experiencing several weeks of elevated mood,
increased energy, and impulsive behavior. Based on the diagnostic criteria, which additional symptom would you
expect to find to support a diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder rather than Cyclothymic Disorder?
a) Episodes of major depression lasting at least two weeks.
b) Distinct periods of hypomanic symptoms without depressive episodes.
c) Severe manic episodes with possible psychotic features.
d) Chronic mood fluctuations over a period of two years.
c) Severe manic episodes with possible psychotic features.
