P2: Forces Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

What tools are used to measure short distances accurately?

A

A metre ruler or tape measure.

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2
Q

What tool is used to measure long distances (e.g., in a field)?

A

A trundle wheel.

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3
Q

What tool is used in experiments for precise timing of short intervals?

A

Light gates connected to a timer or data logger.

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4
Q

What tool is commonly used for manual time measurements?

A

A stopwatch.

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5
Q

What is the formula for calculating speed?

A

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

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6
Q

What are the standard SI units for speed, distance, and time?

A

Speed: m/s, Distance: m, Time: s

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7
Q

If time is given in minutes, what must you do before using the formula?

A

Convert time to seconds.

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8
Q

How do you convert km to m?

A

Multiply by 1,000 (1 km = 1,000 m)

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9
Q

How do you convert hours to seconds?

A

Multiply by 3,600 (1 hour = 3,600 s)

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10
Q

How do you convert m/s to km/h?

A

Multiply by 3.6
Example: 10 m/s × 3.6 = 36 km/h

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11
Q

How do you convert km/h to m/s?

A

Divide by 3.6
Example: 36 km/h ÷ 3.6 = 10 m/s

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12
Q

What is a rate in physics?

A

A quantity divided by time (e.g., speed = distance/time)

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13
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

A quantity with only magnitude (size), not direction.

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14
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity with both magnitude and direction.

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15
Q

Is distance a vector or scalar?

A

Scalar

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16
Q

Is displacement a vector or scalar?

A

Vector

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17
Q

Is speed a vector or scalar?

A

Scalar

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18
Q

Is velocity a vector or scalar?

19
Q

What is displacement?

A

The straight-line distance from start to finish in a specific direction.

20
Q

Can displacement be zero even if distance isn’t?

A

Yes — e.g., when an object returns to its starting point.

21
Q

What does a horizontal line on a distance-time graph mean?

A

The object is stationary (not moving).

22
Q

What does a straight sloping line on a distance-time graph mean?

A

The object is moving at constant speed.

23
Q

What does a curved line on a distance-time graph mean?

A

The object is accelerating or decelerating.

24
Q

What does the gradient (slope) of a distance-time graph show?

A

The speed of the object.

25
What does a horizontal line on a velocity-time graph show?
Constant velocity (no acceleration).
26
What does a straight sloping line on a velocity-time graph show?
Uniform acceleration or deceleration.
27
What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph represent?
Acceleration
28
What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?
The distance travelled.
29
How do you find the area under a velocity-time graph?
Use geometry (area of triangle or rectangle) or count squares if irregular.
30
What is the area of a rectangle on a velocity-time graph?
base×height
30
What is the area of a triangle on a velocity-time graph?
1/2×base×height
31
What is the formula for average speed in non-uniform motion?
Average speed = Total distance ÷ Total time
32
Can average speed be used if speed changes?
Yes — it gives an overall measure over the whole journey.
33
What is the basic formula for constant speed?
v=d/t ​
34
What does each letter stand for in the motion equations?
v: final velocity 𝑢: initial velocity 𝑎: acceleration 𝑡: time 𝑠: distance (displacement)
35
What is the formula to calculate final velocity with constant acceleration?
𝑣=𝑢+𝑎𝑡
36
What is the formula to calculate displacement with initial velocity and acceleration?
s=ut+ 1/2at^2
37
What is the formula to calculate final velocity squared?
𝑣^2=𝑢^2+2𝑎𝑠
38
What is the formula to calculate displacement using average velocity?
s=(u+v)/2×t
39
What is the SI unit of acceleration?
Metres per second squared (m/s²)
40
How does acceleration affect velocity?
Acceleration increases or decreases velocity over time.
41
Can speed be negative?
No — speed is a scalar and always positive. Velocity can be negative (direction matters).
42
What is meant by "uniform acceleration"?
Constant acceleration — the object speeds up or slows down at a steady rate.
43