P2 - Inheritance

Question 1

How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells contain in the nucleus?

Answer 1

23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 2

In what cell are chromosomes not paired?

Answer 2

In gametes

Question 3

What are the gametes in humans?

Answer 3

• Sperm cells
• Egg cells

Question 4

How many single chromosomes do sperm and egg cells contain?

Answer 4

23 single chromosomes

Question 5

What cell devision makes gametes?

Answer 5

Meiosis

Question 6

Does meiosis produce identical or non-identical cells?

Answer 6

Non-indentical cells

Question 7

Do flowering plants use mitosis or meiosis?

Answer 7

Meiosis

Question 8

What are the gametes in flowering plants?

Answer 8

• Pollen
• Egg cells

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE: Both animal and flowering plants carry out sexual reproduction

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

In sexual reproduction, what happens to the genetic information?

Answer 10

It mixes; the offspring receives genetic information from both the male and female parents

Question 11

How many parents are there in asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

1 parent

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE: Asexual reproduction involves gametes

Answer 12

FALSE: Asexual reproduction does NOT involve gametes

Question 13

Where does meiosis take place in humans?

Answer 13

• Testes
• Ovaries

Question 14

How do cells divide using meiosis?

Answer 14

• All of the chromosomes are copied
• The cell divides into 2
• Those cells divide, forming 4 gametes

Question 15

What does meiosis do to the number of chromosomes?

Answer 15

Halves the number of chromosomes

Question 16

How many gametes does one cell produce using meiosis?

Answer 16

4 gametes

Question 17

After fertilisation, what happens to the number of chromosomes in a cell?

Answer 17

The cell now has the normal number of chromosomes

Question 18

What happens after fertilisation?

Answer 18

An embryo
(The new cell divides by mitosis which produces a clump of identical cells)

Question 19

What type of cell division produces variation in the offspring?

Answer 19

Meiosis

Question 20

Is sexual or asexual reproduction more efficient in terms of time and energy?

Answer 20

Asexual reproduction; it’s faster

Question 21

Why is asexual reproduction risky?

Answer 21

All of the offspring are identical and therefore they could all die in unfavourable conditions

Question 22

What are 4 organisms that can use both sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 22

• Malaria parasite
• Species of fungi
• Flowering plants like a strawberry
• Daffodils

Question 23

How many strands does DNA consist of?

Answer 23

2 strands

Question 24

In DNA, what is each strand?

Answer 24

A polymer aka each stand is made by joining together lots of smaller molecules

Question 25

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 25

Double helix

Question 26

What's a gene?

Answer 26

A small section of DNA on a chromosome

Question 27

How are proteins made?

Answer 27

By joining together amino acids

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE: Both chromosomes in a pair have different genes

Answer 28

FALSE: Both chromosomes in a pair have the same genes

Question 29

What's the genome?

Answer 29

The entire genetic material of an organism

Question 30

What are the benefits of studying the entire human genome?

Answer 30

- Search for genes that are linked to a disease