P2 - Prosthesis

Question 1

What are the common ocular diseases that causes removal of eyeball

Answer 1

Eye tumor
Choroidal melanoma
Retinoblastoma
End stage glaucoma
Phthisis bulbi
Anophthalmos
Micophthalmos
Perforation of the cornea
Atrophy of the eyeball
Eye trauma/injury

Question 2

a collection of cells that grows abnormally, and can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous)

Answer 2

Eye tumor (Ocular tumors)

Question 3

2 types of eye tumor

Answer 3

• Metastatic ocular tumor
• Ocular melanoma

Question 4

common type of eye tumor, secondary tumor caused by cancer that has spread from one part of the body to another

Answer 4

Metastatic Ocular Tumor

Question 5

Metastatic ocular tumor often comes from which parts of the body

Answer 5

Lung, breast, bowel or prostate

Question 6

the most common primary adult tumor that forms in the eye

Answer 6

Ocular melanoma

Question 7

Ocular melanoma other names

Answer 7

Uveal melanoma and Choroidal melanoma

Question 8

it forms from the pigmented cells in the eye and occurs in three main areas of the eye

Answer 8

Ocular melanoma

Question 9

Ocular melanoma occurs in which three main areas of the eye

Answer 9

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

Question 10

Types of Ocular surgery in removing the eyeball

Answer 10

Enucleation
Evisceration
Exenteration

Question 11

type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent natural eye following enucleation, evisceration, or orbital exenteration

Answer 11

Ocular prosthesis

Question 12

a permanent solid spherical implant (ball), placed deep within the socket to compensate for the loss of volume

Answer 12

Orbital implant

Question 13

In orbital implant, the ______ which moves the eye are reattached to this implant

Answer 13

muscles

Question 14

Orbital implant: ___________ (including conjunctiva) are stitched over the front surface of this implant which remains permanently covered

Answer 14

Superficial membranes

Question 15

complete removal of the eyeball preserving all orbital structure

Answer 15

Enucleation

Question 16

this involves removal of the entire eyeball (includes sclera)

Answer 16

Enucleation

Question 17

Indication for Enucleation (EPMP)

Answer 17

• Endophthalmitis - unresponsive to antibiotics
• Painful eyes with no useful vision
• Malignant intraocular tumors
• Phthisis bulbi with degeneration

Question 18

complete removal of the contents of the eye (cornea, iris, crystalline lens, retina) with retention of sclera & EOM

Answer 18

Evisceration

Question 19

In Evisceration, what contents of the eye are removed

Answer 19

Cornea
Iris
Crystalline lens
Retina

Question 20

Evisceration: sclera is not removed but used as a ________

Answer 20

natural wrapping material to cover ball implant

Question 21

this operation is easier to perform but cannot be undertaken for patients who have eye tumor

Answer 21

Evisceration

Question 22

Advantage of Evisceration

Answer 22

• Easier to perform
• Fast recovery for patient

Question 23

Indication for Evisceration (EI)

Answer 23

• Endophthalmitis
• Improvement of cosmetics in the blind eye

Question 24

removal of the entire orbital contents (eye, eyelids, bony orbit)

Answer 24

Exenteration

Question 25

surgical removal of the eyeball and surrounding tissues, including eyelids (extent depends on disease being treated)

Answer 25

Exenteration

Question 26

Indication for Exenteration

Answer 26

Large eye tumor

Question 27

Types of Prosthetic Eye

Answer 27

- Scleral Cover Ocular Prosthesis - Orbital Prosthesis

Question 28

specific type of ocular prosthesis that is fit and fabricated over the person's existing eye

Answer 28

Scleral Cover ocular prosthesis

Question 29

these prosthesis cover the entire surface of a cosmetically blemished eye, restoring the eye to its natural appearance

Answer 29

SCOP

Question 30

Primary function of SCOP

Answer 30

To replace the volume deficiency of the smaller than normal eye

Question 31

SCOP: Lack of eyelid support will result to

Answer 31

- Narrowing of the eyelid opening - Superior eyelid ptosis

Question 32

Benefits/advantage of SCOP (PPRPM)

Answer 32

- Prevent surgical disruption (evisceration/enucleation) of the orbital contents - Prevent pseudo blepharoptosis (sagging upper eyelid) caused by global volume loss (phthisis) - Reduce ectropion by providing support to a prolapsed lower eyelid - Prosthetic eye moves together with the other eye - More affordable

Question 33

type of customized ocular prosthesis that replaces removed facial structure due to condition such as Large Eye tumor via Exenteration

Answer 33

Orbital Prosthesis

Question 34

restores the appearance of the eyeball & eyelids & may include eyebrow, part of the forehead, nose, or cheek.

Answer 34

Orbital prosthesis

Question 35

Primary function of Orbital prosthesis

Answer 35

Serves as a major morale booster in these patients by combating the physical and emotional

Question 36

Advantages of Orbital prosthesis

Answer 36

Symmetrical facial structure

Question 37

Disadvantage of orbital prosthesis

Answer 37

- Eye does not move together with other eye when looking up, down, side to side - Asymmetrical facial expression - Expensive