P3

Question 1

3 areas of energy demand

Answer 1

electricity
transportation
heat

Question 2

renewable

non-renewable energy sources

Answer 2

solar + wind + hydro energy

non-renewable = oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy

Question 3

how are fossil fuels made ?

whats the type of energy stored in them ?

Answer 3

buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants and animals

the type of energy stored = chemical energy

Question 4

uses of fossil fuels

Answer 4

to produce energy

Coal, crude oil, and natural gas are all considered fossil fuels

Question 5

advantages

disadvantages of fossil fuels

Answer 5

advantages = cheap , reliable as there is alot of it

disadvantages = non-renewable , dangerous ,
water pollution + oil spills

Question 6

coal power station

Answer 6

Coal-fired plants produce electricity by burning coal in a boiler to produce steam

Question 7

how are fossil fuels contributing to global warming

Answer 7

When fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the air. Greenhouse gases trap heat in our atmosphere

Question 8

what is carbon capture and storage

Answer 8

trapping carbon dioxide and storing it in such a way that it is unable to affect the atmosphere.

Question 9

acid rain ?

Answer 9

rainfall made so acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm,

Question 10

2 examples of nuclear fuels :

Answer 10

uranium and plutonium.

Question 11

explain how nuclear fuels release heat energy

Answer 11

nuclear fuel undergoes a controlled chain reaction in the reactor to produce heat - nuclear energy is converted to heat energy

Question 12

how do nuclear power stations work

Answer 12

Nuclear power plants heat water to produce steam. The steam is used to spin large turbines that generate electricity.

Question 13

a similarity between fossil fuel and nuclear power stations

Answer 13

they both produce steam to drive a turbine-generator

Question 14

advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power

Answer 14

A = Produces no polluting gases , low fuel costs , Low fuel quantity reduces mining and transportation effects on environment.

D = Waste is radioactive and safe disposal is very difficult and expensive, Local thermal pollution from wastewater affects marine life , Large-scale accidents can be catastrophic.

Question 15

safe nuclear disposal waste

Answer 15

storage of used fuel to be placed under water for atleast 5yrs

Question 16

biofuels ?

3 examples :

Answer 16

fuels produced directly or indirectly from organic material

ethanol , biodiesel and bio gas

Question 17

uses of biofuels

Answer 17

transportation
heat
electronics
cooking

Question 18

advantages

disadvantages of biofuels

Answer 18

A = Less carbon emissions , Renewable source , reduces the use of fossil fuels

D = uses a lot of land - needs alot of labour , cant be used in cars with modifying the cars

Question 19

how is wind power used to produce electricity

Answer 19

wind turbines

Question 20

advantages

disadvantages of wind power

Answer 20

A = Renewable & clean source of energy Intermittent
Low operating costs Noise and visual pollution
Efficient use of land space

D = Intermittent
Noise and visual pollution
Some adverse environmental impact

Question 21

how is electricity generated from hydroelectric power stations

Answer 21

hydroelectric power is generated using flowing water to spin a turbine which turns a shaft that’s connected to an electric generator.

Question 22

advantages and

disadvantages of hydroelectric power

Answer 22

A = renewable , low emission , reliable

D = expensive , bad for environment , limited reserves

Question 23

what is a pump storage power station ?

Answer 23

type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. The method stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation.

Question 24

how is electricity generated from wave power

Answer 24

As the wind passes over the surface of the oceans, a portion of the winds kinetic energy is transferred to the water below, generating waves. … The kinetic energy of the wave turns a turbine attached to a generator, which produces electricity.

Question 25

advantages disadvantages of wave energy

Answer 25

A = environmentally friendly, reliable, reduces the use of others D = ugly, only useful to those near the water, distrubs the ecosystems

Question 26

how is electricity generated from tidal power

Answer 26

created using the movement of our tides and oceans, where the intensity of the water from the rise and fall of tides is a form of kinetic energy. Tidal power surrounds gravitational hydropower, which uses the movement of water to push a turbine to generate electricity.

Question 27

advantages disadvantages of tidal power

Answer 27

A = renewable so environmentally friendly , reliable, they last a long time , generate alot D = expensive , are bad for the close environment around , not constant

Question 28

2 methods of power from the sun

Answer 28

heat and light

Question 29

how do solar cells produce electricity

Answer 29

made up of two layers of silicon that are treated to let electricity flow through them when exposed to sunlight.

Question 30

advantages disadvantages for solar cells

Answer 30

A = renewable energy, reduces electricity bills, low maintenance cost D = expensive to start , weather dependant, space consuming

Question 31

solar water panels produce electricity ?

Answer 31

solar water heaters work the same as solar panels but produce heat

Question 32

advantages and disadvantages of solar water panels

Answer 32

A = savings on heating bills, low maintenance, environmentally friendly D = expensive to install, dependant on climate, only heats water

Question 33

wheres geothermal power from

Answer 33

the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the earth.

Question 34

how does geothermal power work

Answer 34

use steam to produce electricity. The steam comes from reservoirs of hot water found a few miles or more below the earth's surface. The steam rotates a turbine that activates a generator, which produces electricity.

Question 35

advantages and disadvantages of geothermal power

Answer 35

A = environmentally friendly, renewable, stable, no fuel required D = location specific, expensive, gases are released during digging

Question 36

how has the use of energy changed over the past 50 yrs

Answer 36

rapid decline in the use of coal and fuels

Question 37

2 main functions of the national grid

Answer 37

transmission and distribution of electricity and gas.

Question 38

diagram of national gird system

Answer 38

power station - step up transformer - pylons - step down transformers - to mains supplies(houses factories ect)

Question 39

explain how the national grid reduces energy losses when transporting electricity ?

Answer 39

, a step-up transformer is used to increase the voltage and reduce the current. ... Less current means less energy is lost through heating the wire.

Question 40

uses of pylons and cables

Answer 40

Pylons are used to support electrical cables that transmit high-voltage electricity from where it's generated

Question 41

current and voltage at the pylons

Answer 41

high voltage | low current at the pylons

Question 42

advantages and disadvantages for overhead and underground cables

Answer 42

A = look better, reduced electric and magnetic fields,lesser transmission lost, D = expensive, difficult to find and repair, underground damage easily

Question 43

whats the base load energy demand

Answer 43

The baseload on a grid is the minimum level of demand on an electrical grid over a span of time, for example, one week

Question 44

what is start up time

Answer 44

The amount of time it takes for the power station to go from being off and not producing anything, to able to produce electricity.