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Physics > P3 > Flashcards

P3 Flashcards

1
Q

3 areas of energy demand

A

electricity
transportation
heat

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2
Q

renewable

non-renewable energy sources

A

solar + wind + hydro energy

non-renewable = oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy

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3
Q

how are fossil fuels made ?

whats the type of energy stored in them ?

A

buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants and animals

the type of energy stored = chemical energy

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4
Q

uses of fossil fuels

A

to produce energy

Coal, crude oil, and natural gas are all considered fossil fuels

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5
Q

advantages

disadvantages of fossil fuels

A

advantages = cheap , reliable as there is alot of it

disadvantages = non-renewable , dangerous ,
water pollution + oil spills

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6
Q

coal power station

A

Coal-fired plants produce electricity by burning coal in a boiler to produce steam

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7
Q

how are fossil fuels contributing to global warming

A

When fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the air. Greenhouse gases trap heat in our atmosphere

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8
Q

what is carbon capture and storage

A

trapping carbon dioxide and storing it in such a way that it is unable to affect the atmosphere.

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9
Q

acid rain ?

A

rainfall made so acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm,

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10
Q

2 examples of nuclear fuels :

A

uranium and plutonium.

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11
Q

explain how nuclear fuels release heat energy

A

nuclear fuel undergoes a controlled chain reaction in the reactor to produce heat - nuclear energy is converted to heat energy

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12
Q

how do nuclear power stations work

A

Nuclear power plants heat water to produce steam. The steam is used to spin large turbines that generate electricity.

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13
Q

a similarity between fossil fuel and nuclear power stations

A

they both produce steam to drive a turbine-generator

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14
Q

advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power

A

A = Produces no polluting gases , low fuel costs , Low fuel quantity reduces mining and transportation effects on environment.

D = Waste is radioactive and safe disposal is very difficult and expensive, Local thermal pollution from wastewater affects marine life , Large-scale accidents can be catastrophic.

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15
Q

safe nuclear disposal waste

A

storage of used fuel to be placed under water for atleast 5yrs

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16
Q

biofuels ?

3 examples :

A

fuels produced directly or indirectly from organic material

ethanol , biodiesel and bio gas

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17
Q

uses of biofuels

A

transportation
heat
electronics
cooking

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18
Q

advantages

disadvantages of biofuels

A

A = Less carbon emissions , Renewable source , reduces the use of fossil fuels

D = uses a lot of land - needs alot of labour , cant be used in cars with modifying the cars

19
Q

how is wind power used to produce electricity

A

wind turbines

20
Q

advantages

disadvantages of wind power

A

A = Renewable & clean source of energy Intermittent
Low operating costs Noise and visual pollution
Efficient use of land space

D = Intermittent
Noise and visual pollution
Some adverse environmental impact

21
Q

how is electricity generated from hydroelectric power stations

A

hydroelectric power is generated using flowing water to spin a turbine which turns a shaft that’s connected to an electric generator.

22
Q

advantages and

disadvantages of hydroelectric power

A

A = renewable , low emission , reliable

D = expensive , bad for environment , limited reserves

23
Q

what is a pump storage power station ?

A

type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. The method stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation.

24
Q

how is electricity generated from wave power

A

As the wind passes over the surface of the oceans, a portion of the winds kinetic energy is transferred to the water below, generating waves. … The kinetic energy of the wave turns a turbine attached to a generator, which produces electricity.

25
Q

advantages

disadvantages of wave energy

A

A = environmentally friendly, reliable, reduces the use of others

D = ugly, only useful to those near the water, distrubs the ecosystems

26
Q

how is electricity generated from tidal power

A

created using the movement of our tides and oceans, where the intensity of the water from the rise and fall of tides is a form of kinetic energy. Tidal power surrounds gravitational hydropower, which uses the movement of water to push a turbine to generate electricity.

27
Q

advantages

disadvantages of tidal power

A

A = renewable so environmentally friendly , reliable, they last a long time , generate alot

D = expensive , are bad for the close environment around , not constant

28
Q

2 methods of power from the sun

A

heat and light

29
Q

how do solar cells produce electricity

A

made up of two layers of silicon that are treated to let electricity flow through them when exposed to sunlight.

30
Q

advantages

disadvantages for solar cells

A

A = renewable energy, reduces electricity bills, low maintenance cost

D = expensive to start , weather dependant, space consuming

31
Q

solar water panels produce electricity ?

A

solar water heaters work the same as solar panels but produce heat

32
Q

advantages and

disadvantages of solar water panels

A

A = savings on heating bills, low maintenance, environmentally friendly

D = expensive to install, dependant on climate, only heats water

33
Q

wheres geothermal power from

A

the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the earth.

34
Q

how does geothermal power work

A

use steam to produce electricity. The steam comes from reservoirs of hot water found a few miles or more below the earth’s surface. The steam rotates a turbine that activates a generator, which produces electricity.

35
Q

advantages and

disadvantages of geothermal power

A

A = environmentally friendly, renewable, stable, no fuel required

D = location specific, expensive, gases are released during digging

36
Q

how has the use of energy changed over the past 50 yrs

A

rapid decline in the use of coal and fuels

37
Q

2 main functions of the national grid

A

transmission and distribution of electricity and gas.

38
Q

diagram of national gird system

A

power station - step up transformer - pylons - step down transformers - to mains supplies(houses factories ect)

39
Q

explain how the national grid reduces energy losses when transporting electricity ?

A

, a step-up transformer is used to increase the voltage and reduce the current. … Less current means less energy is lost through heating the wire.

40
Q

uses of
pylons
and cables

A

Pylons are used to support electrical cables that transmit high-voltage electricity from where it’s generated

41
Q

current and voltage at the pylons

A

high voltage

low current at the pylons

42
Q

advantages and

disadvantages for overhead and underground cables

A

A = look better, reduced electric and magnetic fields,lesser transmission lost,

D = expensive, difficult to find and repair, underground damage easily

43
Q

whats the base load energy demand

A

The baseload on a grid is the minimum level of demand on an electrical grid over a span of time, for example, one week

44
Q

what is start up time

A

The amount of time it takes for the power station to go from being off and not producing anything, to able to produce electricity.

Physics (7 decks)

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