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Physics > P3 > Flashcards

P3 Flashcards

1
Q

Radius of atom?

A

1X10-10M

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2
Q

Which energy levels have high energy?

A

The ones that are further from the nucleus

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3
Q

What does the atomic number show and where is it?

A

Shows the amount of protons in the atom and it’s the bottom number

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4
Q

What does the mass number show and where is it?

A

Shows the number of protons and neutrons in the atom
Top number

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5
Q

How to calculate number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Mass number - Atomic number

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6
Q

What happens when an atom loses one electron?

A

the ion now has a 1+ charge

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7
Q

What did the plum pudding model suggest?

A

That an atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded into it

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8
Q

What is the nuclear model?

A

The most recent structure that has a nucleus and energy levels

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9
Q

Radioactive decay?

A

Some isotopes have an unstable so the nucleas gives out radiation to become stable

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10
Q

Why can’t scientists predict when a nucleas will decay?

A

because the process of radioactive decay is totally random

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11
Q

What does activity mean in radioactive decay?

A

the rate at which a source of invariable nuclei decay. It is measured in Bq
1 Bq = 1 decay per second

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12
Q

4 types of radiation which can be given out by an unstable nucleas?

A

An Alpha Particle

A Beta Particle - an electron ejected from nucleas at very high speeds

Gamma rays - electromagnetic radiation

Neutron

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13
Q

What is the alpha particles range in air?

A

can travel around 5cm before they collide with air particles

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14
Q

What is the beta particles range in air?

A

they can travel 15cm in air before stopping

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15
Q

What is Gamma radiation’s range in air like?

A

can travel several meters in air before dropping

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16
Q

What is alpha particles penetrating power? (what type of material is required to stop radiation)

A

A single sheet of paper

17
Q

What is beta particles penetrating power? (what type of material is required to stop radiation)

A

Few mm of aluminium

18
Q

What is gamma radiations penetrating power? (what type of material is required to stop radiation)

A

several cm of lead

19
Q

What happens when radiation collides with atoms?

A

can cause the atoms to lose electrons and form ions

20
Q

Radiation?

A

energy that moves from one place to another in a form that can be described as waves or particles

21
Q

What is the ionising power like for alpha particles, beta particles and gamma radiation

A

Alpha particles = very strong

Beta particles = Quite strong

Gamma radiation = Weak

22
Q

How many protons and neutrons did alpha particles have?

A

2, same as the nucleus of a helium atom

23
Q

What happens during alpha decay?

A

the atomic number decreases by 2 (because alpha particles have 2 protons)

the mass number decreases by 4 ( that’s the total number of protons and electrons in an alpha particle)

24
Q

What happens during beta decay?

A

the atomic number increases by 1 but the mass number does not change
symbol = 0
-1

25
Q

What happens in gamma decay?

A

both the atomic number and the mass number do not change

26
Q

What do radioactive isotopes release?

A

radiation from the nucleus of the atom

27
Q

What is the half life of a radioactive isotope?

A

the time it takes for the number of nuclei of the isotope in a sample to half

28
Q

Irradiation?

A

exposing an object to nuclear radiation (alpha,beta,gamma)

29
Q

Which radiation can increase the risk of cancer?

A

ionising radiation

30
Q

How can alpha radiation be stopped and why?

A

by a plastic glove becuase it has a low penetrating power

31
Q

How can beta and gamma radiation be reduced and why?

A

a lead apron becuase they have a high penetration power

32
Q

Radioactive contamination?

A

when unwanted radioactive isotopes end up on other materials (contamination)

33
Q

Which radiation is strongly ionising?

A

alpha radiation

34
Q

which radiation is weakly ionising?

A

gamma radiation

35
Q

How are alpha particles stopped?

A

by dead cells on the skin surface

36
Q

How can beta particles get into the body?

A

can penetrate the skin into the body

37
Q

What happens if gamma particles enter a person?

A

they can penetrate into the body but are likely to pass straight through

38
Q

peer review?

A

when scientists have made studies on things, it is very important that they are shared with other scientists which allows the findings to be checked e.g. effects of radiation

Physics (7 decks)

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