P3 The Particle Model Of Matter

Question 1

What is density?

Answer 1

The mass of a substance per unit volume

Question 2

What is the unit of mass?

Answer 2

kg

Question 3

What is the unit of volume?

Answer 3

m^3

Question 4

Explain density in a solid:

Answer 4

More particles in the same unit of volume

Question 5

Explain density in a liquid:

Answer 5

Slightly less particles in the same unit of volume

Question 6

Explain density in a gas:

Answer 6

Few particles in the same unit of volume

Question 7

What is the equation for density?

Answer 7

Density = mass / volume

Question 8

Describe the particle arrangement in a solid:

Answer 8

Particles arranged regularly in rows, all in contact, same size particles

Question 9

Describe the particle arrangement in a liquid:

Answer 9

Particles irregularly arranged, mostly still in contact, same size particles

Question 10

Describe the particle arrangement in a gas:

Answer 10

Particles free to move, not touching or arranged in any way, same size particles

Question 11

How does length of wire impact resistance?

Answer 11

As the length of the wire increases, the resistance of the wire also increases - directly proportional relationship

Question 12

What is the independent variable?

Answer 12

What we change

Question 13

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 13

What we measure

Question 14

What is the control variable?

Answer 14

What we keep the same

Question 15

Do solids have a high/low potential energy store?

Answer 15

Higher potential energy store than gases

Question 16

What forces of attraction act on solids?

Answer 16

Strong intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 17

Do gases have a high/low potential energy store?

Answer 17

Lower potential energy store than gases

Question 18

What forces of attraction act of gases?

Answer 18

No intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 19

What is the name of the transfer gas to liquid?

Answer 19

Condensing

Question 20

What is the name of the transfer liquid to solid?

Answer 20

Freezing

Question 21

What is the name of the transfer solid to gas?

Answer 21

Sublimation

Question 22

What is the name of the transfer solid to liquid?

Answer 22

Melting

Question 23

What is the name of the transfer liquid to gas?

Answer 23

Boiling

Question 24

What happens when particles go solid to liquid and liquid to gas?

Answer 24

Particles gain energy to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction. This energy is stored in the particle’s energy store

Question 25

What happens when particles go gas to liquid and liquid to solid?

Answer 25

Particles lose energy as solids and liquids have a higher potential energy store

Question 26

What is the specific latent heat of fusion?

Answer 26

The energy required to convert 1kg of a solid to liquid (or from a liquid to solid) without a change in temperature

Question 27

What is the specific latent heat of vapourisation?

Answer 27

The energy required to convert 1kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas (or from a gas to a liquid) without a change in temperature

Question 28

What is the equation for specific latent heat?

Answer 28

Latent heat = Energy / mass

Question 29

What is the unit of pressure?

Answer 29

Pascals, Pa

Question 30

What is the equation for the gas constant?

Answer 30

P x V = Constant

Question 31

What is pressure in gases caused by?

Answer 31

Particles hitting the surface

Question 32

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 32

Energy needed to heat 1kg by 1 degree celsius

Question 33

Why does dry ice explode?

Answer 33

Particles gain energy, move faster, hit sides more, changes solid to gas (sublimation)

Question 34

What shape do gases take when compressed?

Answer 34

The shape of the container they are in

Question 35

Which states can be compressed?

Answer 35

Only gases

Question 36

Which states can't be compressed?

Answer 36

Liquids and solids

Question 37

When do state changes occur?

Answer 37

When particles gain or lose energy

Question 38

What temperatures do gases contract at?

Answer 38

Lower temperatures - slow down and get closer

Question 39

What are particles?

Answer 39

Atoms and molecules

Question 40

What do higher temperatures mean for movement of particles?

Answer 40

Higher temperatures = more movement (speeds up)

Question 41

What do lower temperatures mean for movement of particles?

Answer 41

Lower temperatures = less movement (slows down)

Question 42

Which state particles have the weakest forces of attraction?

Answer 42

Particles in gases have the weakest forces of attraction

Question 43

How is atmospheric pressure affected by height?

Answer 43

Atmospheric pressure decreases the higher you travel

Question 44

What happens when a substance melts or boils?

Answer 44

When the substance melts or boils, energy is put in to breaking the bonds that are holding particles together, which increases the potential energy.

Question 45

What is internal energy?

Answer 45

The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object

Question 46

What happens when energy is given to raise the temperature?

Answer 46

When energy is given to raise the temperature, particles speed up and gain kinetic energy.