Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GA Upper Limbs > p55-75 > Flashcards

p55-75 Flashcards

(121 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Inflammation of common flexor tendon resulting from overuse of flexors–activities that require a lot of gripping is called

A

Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s elbow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the injury that results in: Loss of flexion to PIPs in 1st-3rd digits, Weakened flexion to PIPs in 4th and 5th digits, Loss of flexion to DIPs in 2nd-3rd digits BUT no issues with 4th and 5th digits. Ability to flex MPs of 2nd and 3rd digits is affected.

(What is this injury also known as)

A

Injury to Median n, (C6-T1) at elbow/forearm

Hand of Benediction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you decipher between an injury to the Median n. or A.I.N.?

A

Attempt to make the “okay” sign– if it results in a “pinch” posture it is the Median n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the deepest muscle in the anterior forearm that covers distal radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane?

What passes deep to this muscle?

What innervated it?

A

Pronator Quadratus

A.I.A. and A.I.N.

A.I.N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Pronator Quadratus m.?

A

O: Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
I: Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What muscle lies lateral to Flexor Digitorum Profundus and covers aspect of radius distal to supinator?

Does it pass through the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus

It DOES pass through the carpal tunnel and has its own synovial tendon sheath (radial bursa)–> lateral to common flexor sheath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the origin and insertion and innervation of Flexor Pollicis Longus?

At which joint does this m. flex the thumb?

A

O: Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
N: A.I.N. (C8, T1)

ONLY muscle that flexes thumb at interphalangeal joint. Secondarily flexes proximal phalanx, 1st MP and CM joints respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the flexor compartment, what four muscles comprise the superficial layer?

A

Superficial Layer:

  1. ) Pronator teres m
  2. ) Flexor carpi radialis m.
  3. ) Palmaris longus m.
  4. ) Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the flexor compartment, what muscle comprise the intermediate layer and what three comprise the deep layer?

A

Intermediate layer:
Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

Deep layer:

  1. ) Flexor digitorum profundus m.
  2. ) Flexor pollicis longus m.
  3. ) Pronator quadratus m.

**Superficial and intermediate groups cross elbow AND wrist joints. Deep group ONLY crosses wrist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the only muscle to flex distal interphalangeal joints (DIPs) and covers anterior aspect of ulna?

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

  • Gives rise to 4 tendons at wrist.
  • Has 2 innervations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion and Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?
*Hint: Lateral and medial halves share an origin but not I/A/N

A

O: Medial and lateral halves – Proximal ¾ medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and
interosseous membrane

I: Medial half – Bases of distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits
Lateral half – Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd and 3rd digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the action and innervation of the medial and lateral halves of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

A

A: Medial half – Flexes DIPs of 4th and 5th digits
Lateral half – Flexes DIPs of 2nd and 3rd digits
N: Medial half – Ulnar n. (C8, T1)
Lateral half – A.I.N. (C8, T1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Assists in making a fist, Can only flex pointer finger independently.

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Testing these muscles of the flexor compartment tests the integrity of the Median nerve:

A 
Pronator teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (by way of index finger--> Why?)
Flexor Pollicis Longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gives Rise to four tendons at wrist and shares a common flexor sheath with FDP:

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which four muscles originate from the medial epicondyle via a common flexor tendon?

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (humeral head only)
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (along with the coronoid process)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which muscles pass through the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Origin (of the two heads) and Insertion of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

O: Humeroulnar head – ME via common flexor tendon and coronoid process
Radial head – Superior ½ anterior border
I: Shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits via split tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Action and Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

A: Flexion of PIPs; strong flexion of MPs
N: Median n. (C7, C8, T1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Flexion of the wrist is produced when which two muscles act together?

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis and Ulnaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ulnar n. enters forearm by passing between humeral and ulnar heads through what is called…

this is a potential site of:

A

The Cubital Tunnel

Inpingement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When Flexor Carpi ulnaris acts alone what action is produced?

A

Alone, it produces a combination of flexion and ulnar deviation
o Moves hand anteromedially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stabilize shoulder / prevent dislocation:

A 
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
biceps brachii (short head)
triceps brachii (long head)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

aDduct humerus:

A

subscapularis
teres major
coracobrachialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
aBduct humerus:
deltoid (middle) | supraspinatus
26
laterally rotate humerus
deltoid (posterior) infraspinatus teres minor
27
medially rotate humerus
deltoid (anterior) subscapularis teres major
28
extend humerus
deltoid (posterior)
29
flex humerus
deltoid (anterior) biceps brachii coracobrachialis
30
flex forearm (elbow)
``` biceps brachii (when supinated) brachialis pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis brachioradialis ```
31
extend forearm (elbow)
triceps brachii | anconeus
32
stabilize elbow
anconeus
33
supinate forearm
biceps brachii | supinator
34
pronate forearm
pronator teres | pronator quadratus
35
flex wrist
``` flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus ```
36
extend wrist
``` extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor carpi ulnaris extensor indicis ```
37
aBduct hand (radial flexion)
``` flexor carpi radialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis ```
38
aDduct hand (ulnar flexion)
flexor carpi ulnaris | extensor carpi ulnaris
39
flex metacarpals/proximal/intermediate/distal phalanges
``` flexor digitorum superficialis (P/I, 2-5) flexor digitorum profundus (P/I/D, 2-5) flexor pollicis longus (M/P/D, 1) flexor pollicis brevis (M/P, 1) flexor digiti minimi brevis (P, 5) lumbricals (P, 2-5) dorsal interossei (P, 2-4) palmar interossei (P, 2,4,5) ```
40
extend metacarpals/proximal/intermediate/distal phalanges
``` extensor digitorum (M/P/I/D, 2-5) extensor digiti minimi (M/P/D, 5) extensor indicis (2) extensor pollicis longus (M/P/D, 1) extensor pollicis brevis (M/P, 1) lumbricals (I/D, 2-5) dorsal interossei (I/D, 2-4) palmar interossei (I/D, 2,4,5) ```
41
aBduct digits
``` flexor pollicis longus (1) (c-m joint) abductor pollicis longus (1) (c-m joint) abductor pollicis brevis (1) abductor digiti minimi (5) dorsal interossei (2-4) ```
42
aDduct digits
``` adductor pollicis (1) palmar interossei (2,4,5) ```
43
oppose digits
abductor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis opponens digiti minimi
44
What is the most medial of the superficial flexors?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
45
What Action is produced when Flexor carpi ulnaris acts with Flexor carpi radialis? Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
Flexion is produced when acting with FCR |  Ulnar deviation is produced when acting with ECU
46
Which muscle is absent in one or both sides of around 14% of people?
Palmaris Longus
47
Which flexor muscle does not pass through carpal tunnel and lies medial to Pronator Teres m?
Flexor Carpi Radialis
48
What action is produced when Flexor Carpi Radialis is acting with Extensors carpi radialis longus and brevis?
Radial deviation is produced when acting with ECRL and ECRB
49
What action does Flexor Carpi Radialis produce when acting alone?
When acting alone, it produces a combination of flexion and radial deviation o Hand moves anterolaterally
50
Median n. passes between two heads of this muscle | o Common site of impingement
Pronator Teres m.
51
Most lateral of superficial forearm flexors
Pronator Teres m.
52
A: Pronation (when more speed and power is needed) and flexion of forearm
Pronator Teres m.
53
What compartments are the muscles of the forearm broken into?
Divided into anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments
54
Lateral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge provide attachment for (hint: group)
Extensors | *Proximal parts of extensor compartment lie posterolaterally
55
Medial epicondyle and supracondylar ridge provide attachment for
Flexors | *Proximal parts of flexor compartment lie anteromedially
56
Information ONLY: | Flexors and pronators are in anterior compartment
o Served by median n. o One and a half exceptions innervated by ulnar n. o Supplied by radial and ulnar aa.
57
Information ONLY: | Extensors and supinators are in the posterior compartment
o Innervated by radial n.  Directly or its deep branch o Supplied by radial and ulnar aa.
58
T/F: Antebrachial fascia is continuous with Brachial fascia superiorly?
True
59
Antebrachial fascia divides forearm into:
 Anterior (flexor) compartment  Posterior (extensor) compartment Compartments are separated by interosseous membrane  Demarcated by subcutaneous border of ulna and the radial a.
60
What is Antebrachial fascia continuous with distally?
Extensor and flexor retinaculums | *Flexor retinaculum converts anterior concavity into carpal tunnel
61
In the distal radio-ulnar joing, which bone moves?
Radius
62
Where are the heads of the ulna and radius located?
 Head of ulna is distal |  Head of radius is proximal
63
Radius and ulna are united by
interosseous membrane
64
What overlies the cubital fossa
o Median cubital v.  Anterior to brachial a. o Medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nn.
65
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
``` Terminal part of brachial a. Deep accompanying vv. Biceps brachii t. Median n. Radial n. ```
66
What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa? (Lateral, medial, base (superior), floor, roof)
o Lateral – brachioradialis m. o Medial – pronator teres m. o Base (superior) – line between medial and lateral epicondyles o Floor – supinator and brachialis mm. o Roof – skin, fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
67
What is the most commonly injured nerve?
Radial n. (C5-8) in Arm
68
Injury to the radial n. superior to the origin of its branches to the triceps brachii m. results in paralysis of:
Triceps brachii, brachioradialis, supinator mm. and extensors of wrist and fingers
69
Injury to which nerve is known as "Saturday night palsy?" and it's characteristic disability is the "wrist drop'
Injury to the Radial n. (C5-8) in Arm
70
Injury to which nerve can be caused by:  Improper use of crutches  Falling asleep with arm over chair  Posterior dislocation of glenohumeral joint (rare)
Injury to the Radial n. (C5-8) in Arm
71
Injury to the radial n. in the radial groove would weaken which muscle and paralyze which muscles? Can be caused by?
weaken triceps brachii. All other posterior compartment forearm mm. would be paralyzed Fracture to humeral shaft
72
Musculocutaneous n. supplies:
biceps brachii M brachialis M coracobrachilalis M (pierces it) skin of lateral forearm (as lateral antebrachial cutaneous n)
73
What n. emerges lateral to biceps tendon as lateral antebrachial cutaneous n?
Musculocutaneous n.
74
Terminal branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus
Axillary n. | Radial n.
75
What does the Radial n. run with in the radial groove? | What branch arises here?
profunda brachii a. | Branch to lateral head of triceps arises here
76
What nerve continues between brachialis and brachioradialis mm. to level of lateral epicondyle
Radial n.
77
What type of joints are the distal and proximal radio-ulnar joints?
Synovial, Pivot. (pronation, supination)
78
The radio-ulnar joint has an articular disc that is what shape?
Triangular. It is called the Triangular ligament clinically/
79
Where is the ulnar notch located?
On the distal end of the radius
80
There are five ligaments associated with the radio-ulnar joints: Annular l, Anterior l, Posterior l, Oblique cord, and Interosseous membrane-- Where are they located: proximal or distal radio-ulnar joint?
Anterior and posterior ll= Distal radio-ulnar joint | The rest= Proximal " jt
81
What is found overlying the cubital fossa? (NAV?)
o Median cubital v.  Anterior to brachial a. o Medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nn.
82
Which cord of the brachial plexus can Musculocutaneous nerve be traced to?
Lateral cord
83
T/F: Venae comitantes are unpaired
False
84
Name the superficial veins of the arm and forearm (4)
Basilic Median Cubital Cephalic Intermediate Antebrachial
85
Cephalic v can be found in what structure of the arm?
deltopectoral groove
86
Intermediate antebrachial v divides into: | (A clear M is formed)
Median Cephalic and Basilic vv.
87
The Brachial artery terminates in the cubital fossa as what structure/s
Radial and Ulnar aa.
88
Aconeus m is nicknamed what? | Point to where it is located
The homeless guy? (IDK) | I hope you're pointing at the postero-lateral portion of your elbow
89
What is the main extensor of the forearm?
Triceps brachii m
90
Rupture of what leads to "Popeye Deformity"?
Rupture of tendon of long head of biceps brachii Associated with a snap or a pop
91
Injury to musculocutaneous nerve usually occurs due to
Knife fight
92
Point to where your coracobrachialis is located | What runs deep to it and can be compressed by it?
Superomedially on upper arm | Medial N and/or Brachial artery
93
What is the main flexor muscle of the forearm?
Brachialis
94
Bicipital aponeurosis covers what structures?
Brachial artery and Median N.
95
T/F Flexors are twice as strong as extensors
T (Better pullers than pushers)
96
Deep
Breath. Everything is going to be alllll right
97
Name a few ways an elbow joint can be dislocated posteriorly
o From a fall to the hands when the elbow is flex o Hyperextension o Blow that drives ulna posterior and posterolateral
98
What nerve can be injured due to elbow dislocation?
Ulnar N
99
The real name for "student's elbow"
Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursitis
100
During flexion, head of radius contacts
radial fossa of humerus
101
The capitulum of the humerus contacts what part of the radius?
The head.
102
What type of joint is the humeroradial joint? What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint?
 Limited ball-and-socket, hinge type joint  Flexion/extension and supination/pronation permitted Hinge joint
103
During flexion what contacts the coronoid fossa of humerus
The coronoid process of Ulna
104
During extension, olecranon process of ulna contacts
olecranon fossa of humerus
105
The elbow is what type of joint?
Synovial
106
How often do lower brachial plexus injuries occur? How do they occur?
Not too common Injuries occur here when upper limb is suddenly pulled superiorly o e.g. grasping something to break a fall or baby’s upper limb being pulled during delivery
107
What is another name for lower brachial plexus injuries? What does it look like?
Klumpke's palsy, claw hand (Unopposed action of extensors and flexor digitorum profundus m.)
108
Erb-Duchenne palsy is what type of injury?
Injury to upper brachial pexus
109
What causes Erb Duchenne palsy and what does it look like?
Injuries occur here with excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder  e.g. thrown from horse or baby with shoulder dystocia Waiter's tip position/ Flintstones men.
110
What nerves are associated with the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
 Lateral pectoral n.  Musculocutaneous n. (terminal branch)  Lateral root of median n. (terminal branch)
111
What nerves are associated with the mediaL cord of the brachial plexus?
```  Medial root of median n. (terminal branch)  Medial pectoral n.  Medial brachial cutaneous n.  Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.  Ulnar n. (terminal branch) ```
112
What nerves are associated with the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
```  Upper subscapular n.  Thoracodorsal n.  Lower subscapular n.  Axillary n. (terminal branch)  Radial n. (terminal branch) ```
113
Cords are named for their relationship to
2nd part of the axillary a.
114
INFORMATION:
o C5-6 – primarily innervate mm. that act at shoulder or flex elbow o C7-8 – innervate mm. that extend elbow or are part of forearm o T1 – primarily innervates intrinsic mm. of hand
115
Which parts of the brachial plexus can we see in lab?
Cords and branches
116
How many groups of lymph nodes are located in the axillary region?
Five.
117
Axillary artery begins where? ends?
Lateral border of the first rib. It ends at the inferior border of teres major m.(becomes brachial a).
118
Name the branch of the first part of the axillary artery
Superior (Supreme) Thoracic a.
119
What are the two branches from the second part of the axillary artery?
``` Thoracoacromial trunk (CAPD) Lateral Thoracic a. ```
120
What are the three branches from the third part of the axillary artery?
o Subscapular a.  Terminates as circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal aa. o Anterior humeral circumflex a. o Posterior humeral circumflex a. - found in quadrangular space
121
Where does each section of the axillary artery begin? (Boundaries of 1st-3rd parts)
1: From lateral border of 1st rib to medial border of pectoralis minor m. 2: Posterior to pectoralis minor 3: From lateral border of pectoralis minor to inferior border of teres major

GA Upper Limbs (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions