P6 complete

Question 1

What is the equation for density?

Answer 1

Mass(kg) / Volume(m^3)

Question 2

What is the particle model made up of?

Answer 2

Matter of tiny particles.

Question 3

Properties of solids.

Answer 3

• Strong forces of attraction holding particles close together.
• Particles don’t have much energy so they can only vibrate in their fixed positions.
• Density at the highest in solid form - particles close together.

Question 4

Properties of liquids.

Answer 4

• Less dense than solids
• Weaker forces of attraction between particles
• Irregular arrangements, can slide over each other.

Question 5

Properties of gases.

Answer 5

• No noticeable forces of attraction
• More energy than solids and liquids, free to move quickly
• Less dense than solids and liquids.

Question 6

What is it called when a solid turns into a gas?

What is it called when a gas turns into a liquid?

Answer 6

Sublimating

Condensing

Question 7

Particle model explains gas pressure too, why do faster particles exert a larger force on the container? (2)

Answer 7

• Particles travelling faster hit sides of the container more often in a given amount of time.
• Faster particles have a larger momentum so force exerted when they collide with the container is bigger.

Question 8

This equation can only be used when there’s no change of state.
What is the equation for change in internal energy?

Answer 8

Change in internal energy(J) = Mass(kg) x specific heat capacity(J/kg’c) x change in temperature (‘c)

Question 9

Energy to cause a change of state=

Answer 9

Mass(kg) x specific latent heat (j/kg)

Question 10

Pressure at the surface of a liquid

Pressure(Pa) =

Answer 10

Force normal to a surface(N) / area of the surface (m^2)

Question 11

Gas pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

Constant =

Answer 11

Pressure x Volume

Question 12

Pressure due to the liquid

Pressure(Pa) = 3 variables

Answer 12

density(kg/m^3) x gfs (N/kg) x depth (m)

gfs = 10N/kg on earth

Question 13

What is atmospheric pressure?

Answer 13

Pressure that is always around us all the time.

Air exerts it at right angles to the surface of any object that it’s in. This pressure is equal in all directions.

Question 14

A deformation can be elastic or plastic. What happens in each?

Answer 14

Elastic - If the object returns to original shape. Separation between particles changes so the forces between them also change.
Plastic - If the object doesn’t return to original shape because forces were too large. Separation and forces between particles change.

Question 15

Name something that has a linear relationship, the extension is directly proportional to the load or force applied.

Answer 15

Springs

Question 16

Name something that has a NON-linear relationship, the extension is INdirectly proportional to the load or force applied.

Answer 16

Rubber bands

Question 17

Force exerted by a spring (N) =

Answer 17

Extension(m) x spring constant (N/m)

Question 18

Energy stored in a stretched spring(J) =

Answer 18

1/2 x spring constant(N/m) x extension(m^2)

Question 19

What is the one star in our solar system?

Answer 19

Sun

Question 20

The solar system is all the stuff that orbits our sun -

What does this include? (4)

Answer 20

Planets - Earth
Minor planets - Halley’s comet
Artificial satellites - man made and orbits Earth
Moons

Question 21

What provides the force that creates the orbit?

Answer 21

Gravity

Question 22

The forces that creates an orbiting effect is provided by the gravitational interaction between the sun and the planet. Describe this. (4)

Answer 22

• Planet moving near to sun will feel a gravitational force towards it
• Forces causes planet to travel towards whatever it is orbiting - planet is moving so it causes a change in direction
• Velocity changes but speeds stays the same
• Planet keeps accelerating towards what it’s orbiting but the instantaneous velocity keeps it travelling in a circle.

Question 23

For an object in orbit:

The smaller the orbital radius = (2)

Answer 23

-Greater its speed, greater force needed to keep it stable in orbit.

Question 24

Particle model explains the formation of our solar system

Answer 24

• Solar system formed from one big swirling cloud of dust and gas
• Force of gravity brought dust and gas together - got denser
• Energy transferred to kinetic stores of the particles, increasing temperature and pressure
• Region and centre became so dense and hot it formed the sun
• This is how our planets were formed.

Question 25

Stars go through three different stages during their formation

Answer 25

• Cloud of dust and gas
• Prostar- temperature rises prostar compressed. When temperature high enough, hydrogen nuclei gains enough energy to undergo nuclear fusion to form helium nuclei. Gives out loads of energy and star is born.
• Main sequence star- Enter a period of equilibrium and this makes it last.

Question 26

Universe seems to be expanding - what is the evidence for this?

Answer 26

-Red shift - galaxies are moving away from each other, getting longer wavelengths - shifted towards red end of the spectrum.

Question 27

Evidence for Big Bang theory

Answer 27

• All matter in Universe occupied very small space
• Tiny space being very dense and hot.
• Exploded and space started expanding

Question 28

What evidence might challenge theories about the Big Bang and our expanding universe BUT still supports it?

Answer 28

Developed and improved telescopes over the last century allow more quality and variety of data to be pulled.