Pacific Islands

Question 1

Who were the first humans to settle Australia?

Answer 1

Aborigines

Question 2

How many years ago was Australia settled?

Answer 2

40,000

Question 3

Who were the first humans to settle New Zealand?

Answer 3

Maori

Question 4

WhowasthefirstEuropeantoreachNewZealandandAustralia?Whodidheclaimtheselandsfor?

Answer 4

James Cook, Great Britain

Question 5

Whatisapenalcolony?WhichmodernOceaniccountrywasestablishedasapenalcolony?

Answer 5

Prison Colony, Australia

Question 6

WhendidAustraliaandNewZealandgainindependence?

Answer 6

Firstdecadeof20thcentury(1901and1907,respectively)

Question 7

WhatwordshaveAustraliansintroducedintothecommonvernacular?

Answer 7

Mate, fair go

Question 8

HowdoesNewZealanddemonstrateitsoppositiontonuclearweapons?

Answer 8

NoshipscarryingnucleararmsareallowedinNewZealandwaters

Question 9

WhathappenedtotheAboriginesduringthecolonizationperiod?

Answer 9

• Colonistsforcedthemofftheirland
• Thousandsdiedfromdisease
• Survivorsforcedtoworkonsheepandcattlestations
• AboriginecultureslowlydiedaspartofadoptionofEuropeanculture

Question 10

What is a station?

Answer 10

Extremely large ranches

Question 11

WhathappenedtotheMaoriduringthecolonizationperiod?

Answer 11

BritainpromisedtoprotectMaoriland

• Colonistsbrokepromiseandbloodywarwaswaged
• 1872,colonistsultimatelydefeatedMaori
• MaoriforcedtoadoptEnglishways

Question 12

Minimum,howmanyyearsagowerethePacificIslandssettled?

Answer 12

30,000

Question 13

Which Pacific Island was first settled?

Answer 13

New Guinea

Question 14

Thoughsimilaritiesdidexist,whydidthePacificIslandsdeveloped anextraordinarynumberofdiversecultures?Whydotheseculturessharecertaincharacteristics?

Answer 14

Distancebetweenislandspreventedcommunication

Theyalllivedinoceanenvironment,sodespitegreatdifferences, Pacific Islanders adopted lives revolving around ocean.

Question 15

Which western nations had established colonies in the Pacific Islands?

Answer 15

Britain, France, Germany, U.S.

Question 16

WhichEasternnationestablishedcoloniesinthePacific?

Answer 16

Japan

Question 17

In what way(s) did Western nations influence native Pacific Island culture and society?

Answer 17

• Mostgovernmentswererepublicanordemocratic
• MostchurcheswereChristian
• Islandersbecamebilingual(nativelanguageplusEnglish)
• Foreigncompaniesoperatebusinessesandlargefarms

Question 18

Who settled Easter Island?

Answer 18

Small group of Polynesians

Question 19

How did they settle Easter Island?

Answer 19

Rowed across ocean

Question 20

How did the people traveling to Easter Island navigate?

Answer 20

Stars by night, swells by day

Question 21

What did the settlers call Easter Island?

Answer 21

They called it Rapa Nui

Question 22

What are moai?

Answer 22

MonolithicstatuesbuiltbysettlersofEasterIsland to honor their ancestors

Question 23

What are the settlers of Easter Island called?

Answer 23

Rapanui

Question 24

About what year is traditionally identified for Easter Island’s settlement?

Answer 24

800 A.D.

Question 25

What is the latest theory about what happened to the Rapanui?

Answer 25

Combination of consuming all the island's birds, whose guano fertilized the soil, slash and burn agriculture, and rats  

Question 26

How was the theory of the disappearance of the Rapanui arrived at?

Answer 26

Did not cut trees down for use in moving moai  

Question 27

How does the new theory differ from the old theory?

Answer 27

Other nearby islands had similar circumstances where deforestation occurred when the birds were all consumed  

Question 28

How were the moai moved?

Answer 28

Upright with three ropes

Question 29

How did archeologists arrive to the conclusion that the moai were moved upright with three ropes.

Answer 29

They noticed patterns

Question 30

How do archaeologists now believe Rapanui attempted to staveoff deforestation disaster? 

Answer 30

Rock mulching

Question 31

How do anthropologists know Australia’s Aborigines are the world’s oldest civilization? 

Answer 31

DNA was extracted from living Aborigines as well as native Papuans 

Question 32

How has confirmation Australia’s Aborigines are the world’s oldest civilization affected our understanding of humanity’s evolution? 

Answer 32

Suggests there was a single "out of Africa" event.

Question 33

How did Aboriginal ancestors become genetically isolated? 

Answer 33

Around 10,000 years ago, water levels rose and separated Sahul from rest of the world

Question 34

When did Australians and Papuans become genetically distinct from the rest  of humanity?

Answer 34

58,000 years ago