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Question 1

What does the ductous venosus connect?

Answer 1

The umblical vein to the inferior venae cavae.

Question 2

What is the hole between the two atria called?

Answer 2

foramen ovale (bc ما صار فصيح لسا)

Question 3

What is the The Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve?

Answer 3

part of the vagus nerve that goes back between ligamentum arteriosum , left pulmonary artery and aortic arch

Question 4

What does the ductous aretiosus do?

Answer 4

it diverges the fetal blood that is going to the lungs via the pulmonary artery to the arch of aorta.

Question 5

What does the Ductus Venosum,
Ductus Arteriosus, Foramen Ovale,
Umbilical vein become?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the interatrial septum?

Answer 6

A wall that seperates the two atria

Question 7

What is the atrial septal defect?

Answer 7

A hole in the interatrial septum that causes problems

Question 8

What is the job of interventicular septum?

Answer 8

seperates the two ventricles

Question 9

3 Papillary muscles

Answer 9

trabeculae carneae (like spider web)

The moderator band (septomarginal
trabecula).

infudibulum, (also called conus
arteriosus)

Question 10

What is the job of the the inferior venae cavae (eustachian) valve?

Answer 10

not an actual valve

directs blood toward the foramen ovale

(bc it says eusta take it to the chain) (inferior venae cavae bc it came from there)

Question 11

What is responsible for the striped look of the wall of the right atrium?

Answer 11

petinate muscle

Question 12

What is responsible for the striped look of the wall of the right ventricle?

Answer 12

trabcuale carnea

Question 13

What is the crista terminals?

Answer 13

The ridge that seperates the pectinate muscle and the rest smooth looking muscle of the atrium (crista like crest, so it is like a crest that is like a terminal (gate))

Question 14

What are the three papilary muscles? What do they do?

Answer 14

Function: close and open tricuspid valve.

They are:
Derived from Trbaculea carnea

1.Septal papilary muscle

2.Anterior papilary muscle

3.Posterior papilar muscle

Question 15

What are chordae tendae?

Answer 15

The fibers that attach the papilary muscles to the tricuspid valves.

Question 16

EXTREMELY IMPORTANT:Where is the moderator band of septomarginal
trabecula attached? What is its functions?

Answer 16

Attachment: Interventicular septum and anterior papillary muscle.

Functions:

1.Helps direct blood coming from the right atrium to go to the pulmonary artery.

2.Acts like a splint, connects the anterior venticular wall to the interventicullar septum. (limits sudden dilation)

3.Big portion of the right bundle branch goes through through it. (part of the conduction system) (makes sure that the papillary muscle and tricuspid valves close at the same time) (equal conduction in right and left)

Question 17

What is the infundibulum (conus arteriosus)?

Answer 17

The smooth part of the right ventricle that is under the semilunar pulmonary valve.

(conus bc the valve looks like a cone)

Question 18

What is the Aortic vestibule?

Answer 18

The smooth part of the left ventricle. (vesti bc it’s like it’s wearing a vest)

Question 19

Where is the membranous part of the septum? what is it prone to?

Answer 19

Prone to: venticular septal defect (opening) / bc it is thin

Question 20

Why is the venticular septal defect of the membranous interventicular spetum so bad?

Answer 20

BC it contains the bundle of his, so venticular septal defect will lead to conduction issues.

Question 21

When do the atrioventicular valves open?

Answer 21

When venticular pressure is less than arterial pressure when the ventricles relax (makes sense, bc if there is more pressure, blood wouldn’t be able to fall and the ventricle is relaxed so the valves will be relaxed)

Question 22

How would you know what type of semilunar valve this is?

Answer 22

**bc of the aortic sinus **(some of the oxygenated blood drains into the heart first before going to the body)

Question 23

where is the origin of the coronary arteries?

Answer 23

behind the aortic cusps

Question 24

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 24

The fibrous skeleton of the heart consists of four, interconnected, dense connective tissue rings around the openings of the atrioventricular, aortic and pulmonary valves.

just the blue part

Question 25

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart continuous with?

Answer 25

continuous with the **membranous** interventicular septum

Question 26

What is the orientation of the cusps in the semilunar valves?

Answer 26

**Pulmonary**: RLA **Aortic**: RLP

Question 27

**EXTREMLY IMPORTANT: Doc says it's always a q** The closure of what valves causes the first beating sound of the heart? (lubb)

Answer 27

**Closure** of **atrioventicular** valves (the semilunar valves will be open at this time)

Question 28

**EXTREMLY IMPORTANT: Doc says it's always a q** The closure of what valves causes the second beating sound of the heart? (dubb) (bc second contains d)

Answer 28

**Closure** of **Semilunar** valves (the atrioventicular valves will be open at this time) (bc second and semilunar both have S)

Question 29

Where is the best place to listen (auscultation) to the **aortic valve** on the chest wall?

Answer 29

Second right intercostal space

Question 30

Where is the best place to listen (auscultation) to the **Pulmonary valve** on the chest wall?

Answer 30

**Left second intercostal space** (bc blood passes to the opposite side bc it is a bit slanted)

Question 31

Where is the best place to listen (auscultation) to the **left atrioventicular/mitral/bicuspid valve** on the chest wall?

Answer 31

at the apex, **left fifth intercostal space at the point that intersects the midclavicular line.**

Question 32

Where is the best place to listen (auscultation) to the **right atrioventicular/tricuspid valve** on the chest wall?

Answer 32

left lower sternal border

Question 33

Where is the SV node located?

Answer 33

**located subendocardially near the apex of the crista terminalis where the SVC joins the right atrium**

Question 34

Which **vertebrae segments** do the **preganglionic sympathetic fibers** of the heart originate from?

Answer 34

T1-T5

Question 35

Where do the **Sympathetic and parasympathetic** postganlionic nerves terminate?

Answer 35

**On the SA and AV nodes, on cardiac muscle fibers, and on the coronary arteries** (makes sense bc they control whether the heart rate increases or decreases)