pack Flashcards
(40 cards)
What happens to sugars in aqueous solutions?
They form ring structures
(“so they don’t disolve”)
What PH does glucose prevale in its cyclic form?
pH 7.4
(bc both 7 and 4 are bent)
What are stereoisomers?
have the same chemical formula but differ in the 3D orientation in space
What are epimers?
are stereoisomers that differ around only one carbon atom.
(bc epipen looks like one)
What are Enantiomers?
Enantiomers are mirror images – like the right hand is a mirror image of the left hand
(enan looks at the mirors)
What is benedict reagent?
A chromogenic substance that reacts with reducing sugars that is used to test for sugars in urine.
What does the bendict reagent test tell us about the concentration of sugars in urine based on color?
Greenish = ~0.5% sugar
Yellow = ~1%
Orange = ~1.5%
Red = 2% or higher
Is sugar in urine normal?
No, it indicates diabetes
What is HbA1c?
Sugar reacts with hemoglobin
(glycated hemoglobin)
(1 chocolate)
What does high HbA1c tell us?
Long term high blood sugar
(bc its normal to have sugar in blood, but if you have too much for too long, the reaction is gonna take place)
HbA1c is a type of what?
Advanced Glycation End-products
(AGEs)
How many monosaccrides do oligosachradies contain?
2-10
What is the relation between oligosaccharides and gut?
They are broken down by gut bacteria.
They increase gut viscosity which slows down nuteriant absorbtion and amino acids which prolongs their presnce in the body reducing hunger.
(bc it is laying lego over it)
What type of reaction forms oligosaccharides?
Condensation reaction
What does increased dietary soluble fibers do?
Decreases decreases the probability of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes
(they are dietry (normal) soluble so they easily breakdown and not get stored)
What is amylose?
Polysaccharide linear glucose molecule with α(1-4) bonds.
What is amylopectin?
Polysaccharide that is a Branched glucose molecule with α(1-4) bonds and a(1-6).
Where are amylose and amylopectin dervied from?
Plant origin
(bc a lot of vegans are wm)
What is glycogen?
Polysaccharide: Storage form of glucose branched [α(1-4) & α(1-6) bonds]
Where is glycogen stored?
Liver
(bc live, you can’t live and function without sugar)
What does a high intake of amylopectin do?
Higher intake of amylopectin-rich foods increases the risk of developing obesity and type-2 diabetes
What charge are GAGs?
Negative
(bc gaging is a bad thing)
Are gags viscous?
Yes
(bc they are
vicious)
What is the structure of gags?
made up of long unbranched polysaccharides with repeating disaccharide units.
(bc you gag all at once (you can’t do it slowly)bc there are two sounds )
