pack Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the substances and enzymes in the major metabolic pathway for alcohol?
Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde using alcohol dehydrogenase
Acetaldehyde is converted to acetatate using aldehyde dehydrogenase
Acetate is converted to Acetyl CoA using Acetyl Coa synthatase
What is first and second pass metabolism?
First: The stomach starts by detoxifying the ethanol and turns it into acetyladehyde which reduces the chance of getting drunk but increases the hangover.
Second: Happens in the liver and ethanol is turned into acetaldehyde which is turned into actetate which is oxidized by body organs into CO2 and H2O
What is the difference between alcohol metabolsim pathway and MEOS?
alcohol metabolsim pathway has a smaller Km=2, which means it has higher affinity and kicks off earlier. So it does most of the work
MEOS: Gets activated by heavy drinking Km = 10
What is the relation between MEOS and drug metabolsim? How would a high intake of alcohol affect drug metabolsim?
Meos also metabolizes hepatic drugs
But if high amounts of alcohol are consumed, the meos will get busy with the alcohol and will not intoxify the drugs.
Leading to an early overdose
Why do alcoholics have hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis?
Because of the fact that when Ethanol gets converted to Actelaldehyde, NADH is released. This releasing of NADH will cause Pyruvate to shift towards lactic acid formation.
The accumulation of lactic acid will cause acidosis.
Bc of the fact that NADH will cause Pyruvate to shift towards lactic acid formation, the gluconeogenesis pathway will get blocked leading to hypoglycemia.
Because fats aren’t getting broken down by the body bc of alcohol, their accmulation will lead to increased acetyl CoA which may lead to Ketosis
Why do alcoholics gain weight despite the fact that ethanol barey goes through lipogenesis (3%)?
Because it will get metabolized for heat and energy instead of other body stores like fat etc.
Why does ethanol damage the liver? Particulary in the MEOS pathway?
Bc of the fact that the meos pathway requires CYP2E1 which produces reactive oxygen species when ethanol is converted to actelaldheyde
What is the level of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) that causes intoxication?
0.10%
How much does one drink equal in Blood alcohol concentration?
0.02%
How much is metabolized (neutrlized) per hour?
0.02%
What does antihistamine do to ADH?
It inhibts it, leading to more alcohol reaching the blood, which leads to more drunk but less hangover.
What does chronic EtOH abuse cause?
Decreased ADH, which leads to more alcohol in the blood stream which causes more drunk.
Why do asains get hungover faster?
Bc of the fact that they have more ADH than ALDH meaning that acetaldehyde will acumulate in the body leading to increased hangover.
Which ALDH gene is Less active ALDH21 or ALDH22? What is the effect of that?
ALDH2*2
It will be a deterent to alcohlisim bc of the fact that acetyladehyde builds up in the body and causes the hangover affect.
What is the difference between ALDH22 Homozygotes
and ALDH22/ALDH2*1 Heterozygotes
What are some chronic effects of alcohol?
What is alcoholic myopathy?
DEFINITION
Generally refers to a disorder in which muscle weakness develops due to some malfunction of the actual muscle fibers.
How can ethanol be used to treat patients?
It can be used to prevent methanol from being turned into Formaldehyde which is toxic. and also
Antidote for Poisoning by:
Methanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol
(Ethanol inhibits metabolic activation of poisons above by ADH
ethylene glycol is found in antifreeze.
How is antabuse used to treat alcoholics?
It inhibts ALDH which causes and a build up of acetylaldehyde, increasing the chance of hangover and making it unpleasent to drink.
