pack Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
What are the water-soluble vitamins?
All the B’s + C+ Folate + Biotin
What are the causes and symptoms of B2/Riboflavin def?
Cause: Malnutrtion
Symptoms: Symptoms:
cheilosis(inflammation of the lips and scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth)
magenta-colored tongue (glossitis)
corneal vascularization
What is the vitamin that is required in high amounts compared to other vitamins?
Niacin/B3
bc you have to sleep well
What are the symptoms of B3 def?
B3 def can cause Pellarga (Dementia/ Diarreha/Dermatitis)
What are the side affects of High does of Niacin/B3?
Niacin toxicity:
Facial flushing
What is the name of B6?
Pyroxidal phosphate
What are the three types of B6/Pyridoxal phosphate?
Pyridoxine (plants)
Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine (animals)
What is B6/Pyridoxal phosphate used to synthesize?
γ-aminolevulinic acid which is a precursor of heme
What does a def in B6 cause?
sideroblastic anemia
Iron cannot be incorporated into heme
Iron accumulates in RBC cytoplasm
What is the relation between B6/Pyridoxal phosphate and isoniazid TB drug?
Isoniazid (INH) is a tuberculosis drug
Similar to B6 structure
Forms inactive pyridoxal phosphate
Result in B6 deficiency
Must supplement B6 when taking INH
What is another name for B12?
Cobalamin
What is cobalamin/B12 used for?
It is used for Thymdine synthesis
used in metabolism of homocysteine (methionine metabolism)
What happens bc Deficiency of B12?
Deficiency of B12: ↓ DNA synthesis (megaloblastic anemia)
What is another name for Vitamin C?
Ascorbic acid
What does Vitamin C/ Ascoribic acid do in relation with fe+2?
Increases its absorbtion in the intestine by keeping it in the reduced state
How is Vitamin C/ascorbic acid related to collagen formation?
Required for collagen synthesis
essential for hydroxylation of proline and lysine
Cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases
addition of hydroxyl group allows for hydrogen bonding between fibers
without cross-linking triple helix shape cannot form
What are the symptoms of scurvy?
fragile blood vessels
swollen bleeding gums
perifollicular hemorrhage
poor wound healing
easy bruising (ecchymosis)
What type of reactions is bitotin involved in?
What inhibts it?
Involved in ATP dependent carboxylation reactions: pyruvate carboxylase
Produced by gut microflora
Deficiencies are rare
Consuming 6 raw eggs a day can cause deficiencies due to the presence avidin (biotin binding protein)
Are Water-soluble vitamins stored in the body?
No, except for folate and B12
What is the different types of vitamin A?
They are Retinoids:
Retinol: A primary alcohol
Retinal: An aldehyde derived from the oxidation of retinol
Retinoic acid: Carboxilic acid derived from the oxidation of Retinal.
b-Carotene: Plant form
Vitamin A is used to treat what?
Psoriasis
Leukemia
Severe acne
What does Vitamin A def cause?
Night blindness
xerophthalmia, a pathologic dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea
What form of vitamin A is used to treat acne?
Isotretnoin (Roaccutane)
13-cis-retinoic acid
Causes dryness of skin
