pack Flashcards
(18 cards)
At what vertebral levels does the esophagus start and end?
It begins at C6 and ends at T11
What are the 4 constrictions of the espohagus?
Beginnning, end, two things that cross.
At the start where it begins at the pharyngoespophgeal junction (cricopharyngeus) 15 cm (6 in) (C6)
Second constriction: Arch of aorta crossing the esophagus 22.5 cm (9 inches) (T4)
Third: left main brochus crossing the esophagus (27.5 cm) (11 inch) (T6)
Fourth: Where it pierces through the diaphragm, (40cm) (T10)
What are the arteries that supply the esophagus?
I Bring Everyone Left Food
Cervical: Inferior thyroid artery.
Thoracic: Bronchal and esophgeal branches of the thoracic aorta.
Abdominal: Left gastric artery and left inferior phrenic artery.
From where do the esophgeal veins arise?
From the periesophegial venous plexus
What are the veins that drain the cervical esophagus?
The inferior thyroid veins
I Am Happy, I Bring Home Lots
What are the veins that drain the thoracic esophagus?
azygous, hemiazygous, intercostal, and bronchial veins.
I Am Happy, I Bring Home Lots
What are the veins that drain the abdominal esophagus?
Hemiazygos vein
Left gastric vein
I Am Happy, I Bring Home Lots
How is esophgeal varcies caused?
When there is pathology in the liver causing it to compress the hepatic portal vein thereby blocking the blood that passes through which in turn makes the blood go back through the left gastric vein and up into the azygos and hemiazgos veins which will eventually cause bleeding due to hypertension which is esophgeal varcies
Where does the sympathetic supply of the cervical esophagus come from?
It comes from the middle cervical Ganglia
Where does the sympathetic supply of the thoracic (middle) esophagus come from?
T1-T4
Where does the sympathetic supply of the abdominal (lower) esophagus come from?
T5-T9
Where does the parasympathetic supply of the esophagus come from?
The vagus nerve
What causes the 5th constriction of the esophagus?
The enlargement of the left atrium caused by mitral valve stenosis
What is the hiatus of the esophagus formed by?
The right crura of the diaphragm
What is Achalsia of cardia? What causes it?
It is the failure of the lower esophageal spintcher to relax
What is berrets disease?
Severe damage to the esophagus caused by stomach acid reflux which causes the squamous epithelium to turn into columnar
What is gastroesophgeal reflux disease? (GERD)
Damage to the esophagus caused by reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus
