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Question 1

What are the three external features that differentiate the small intestine to the large intestine?

Answer 1

Epiploic appendages (outpouchings of fat-filled, serosa-covered structures) that are attached to the walls of the large intestine
2. The teniae coli: an incomplete outer longitudinal layer
(exceptions: Appendix and Rectum)
3. Sacculations (haustra)

Question 2

What is the opening of the ileum into the cecum called?

Answer 2

Ileocecal valve/lips

Question 3

Label

Answer 3

Question 4

How is the retroceccal reccess formed?

Answer 4

it is formed by the fusion of the visceral peritoneum covering the the cecum and the parietal peritoneum over the iliac fossa.

Question 5

Where does the appendix open?

Answer 5

at the appendical opening below the ileocecal opening

Question 6

What artery is the appendicular artery a branch of?

Answer 6

ileocolic artery

Question 7

What are the positions of the appendix?

Answer 7

Question 8

Is the ascending colon a retro or intraperotenoeal organ

Answer 8

Retroperitoneal

Question 9

Label

Answer 9

Question 10

What does the transverse mesocolon cover and cross?

Answer 10

It crosses the second part of the duodenum and covers the anterior surface of the pancreas

Question 11

What does the right colic (hepatic) flexure connect?

Answer 11

The ascending and the transverse colon

Question 12

Where is the transverse colon located in relation the liver and kidney?

Answer 12

It is located between the inferior (visceral) right lobe of the liver and the anterior surface of the lower part of the right kidney

Question 13

Which flexure of the large intestine is higher?

Answer 13

Left colic (splenic) flexure

Question 14

Where is the left colic (splenic) flexure located?

Answer 14

The flexure lies over the anterior surface of the left kidney. Superiorly, it is in
contact with the visceral surface of the spleen close to its lower pole

Question 15

Label

Answer 15

Question 16

Where is the apex of the sigmoid colon?

Answer 16

with its apex at the bifurcation of the left common iliac artery in front of the left ureter with the inferior mesenteric vessels medial to it.

Question 17

At what vertebral level does the rectum begin?

Answer 17

S3

Question 18

Where does the rectum end and what does it do to the pelvic floor?

Answer 18

It ends in front of the tip of coccyx and pierces the pelvic floor to turn into the anal canal.

Question 19

What are the 4 differences between the sigmoid colon and the rectum?

Answer 19

The following are absent in the rectum: Haustrations

tenia coli

Epiploic appendcies

Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 20

Is the sigmoid colon a retro or intraperotenoeal organ

Answer 20

Intraperitoneal

Question 21

What are the valves of houston?

Answer 21

Folds at the end of the rectum that slice the feces

Question 22

How are the three parts of the rectum covered by the peritoneum?

Answer 22

Upper 1/3 is covered from three sides except posterior

middle 1/3 is covered anteriorly only

posterior 1/3 is not covered at all

Question 23

What are the 4 posterior relations to the rectum?

Answer 23

1. 2 bones (Sacrum and coccyx)
2. 2 muscles (Piriformis and coccygeus)
3. 2 nerves (symp. and Para)
4. 2 vessels (Median sacral & superior rectal)

Question 24

What type of branches does the ileocolic artery give off?

Answer 24

Superior and inferior

Question 25

What does the superior branch of the ileocolic artery anastmos with?

Answer 25

With the descending branch of the of the right colic artery

Question 26

What does the inferior branch of the ileocolic artery anastmose with?

Answer 26

With the superior mesentaric artery

Question 27

What are the branches that form from the anastomses between the inferior ileocecal artery and SMA?

Answer 27

1. Anterior and posterior cecal branches 2. appendicular artery (sometimes a branch of the posterior cecal) 3. Colic branches to the ascending colon 3. ileal branches to the terminal ileum

Question 28

What does the ascending branch of the right colic artery anastmose with?

Answer 28

The right branch of the middle colic artery

Question 29

What supplies the fore, mid, and hindgut?

Answer 29

Question 30

What does the ISA supply and from where to where?

Answer 30

Hindgut: last 1/3 of the transverse colon till the middle of the anal canal

Question 31

How does the IMA run?

Answer 31

downwards and to the left and crosses the left common iliac artery medial to the ureter

Question 32

When does the inferior mesenteric artery change its name to the superior rectal artery?

Answer 32

After it gives of sigmoidal branches (makes sense bc the rectum is right after the sigmoid)

Question 33

What are the branches of the IMA?

Answer 33

Left colic Sigmoidal arteries Superior rectal artery

Question 34

What anastamoses with the left colic artery?

Answer 34

The ascending branch of the left colic artery anastmoses with The left branch of the middle colic artery

Question 35

What anastamoses with the sigmoidal arteries?

Answer 35

The highest sigmoidal artery anastomoses with the descending branch of the left colic artery.

Question 36

What does the superior rectal artery supply?

Answer 36

The rectum and superior part of the anal canal

Question 37

What is the marginal artery?

Answer 37

Anastomosis between SMA and IMA

Question 38

What forms the marginal artery of drummond?

Answer 38

The anastmosing branches of the colic arteries which produces an arterial arcade called the marginal artery of drummond.

Question 39

Where does the marginal artery begin and end?

Answer 39

Begins at the illeocecal junction and ends by anastmoses with the superior rectal artery