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Question 1

What are the layers of the tunica vaginals and what is each layer composed of?

Answer 1

1. Cavity (serous fluid)
2. Visceral layer (Mesothelial cells that secrete serous fluid)
3. Parietal layer (Connective tissue supporting mesothelium)

Question 2

What are the two functions of the testis?

Answer 2

Functions of testis: Primary sex organ
1 Gamete (sperm) production and transport
2 Male hormone (testosterone) production

Question 3

What is the histology of the tunica albugina and the tunica vasculosa?

Answer 3

Tunica albuginea = thick, outside capsule or fibrous capsule
Histology: dense connective tissue

Tunica vasculosa = thin, inside capsule or vascular capsule
Histology: highly innervated & vascularized loose connective tissue → becomes stroma of lobules

Question 4

What is the mediastinum of the testis?

Answer 4

Mediastinum, thickened portion of the tunica albuginea

On posterior surface of testis
Thickened portion of the tunica albuginea projects inward as mediastinum of testis

Gate of testis: Enter/exit: blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and ducts with traveling sperms

Question 5

What is the incomplete fibrous septa of the mediastinum and what does it contain and form?

Answer 5

The mediastinum sends out incomplete fibrous septa into the testis, dividing it into about 250 lobules

Each lobule contains two main components:

Seminiferous Tubules: each lobule contains 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules

Contain sertoli

Interstitial Tissue:
This is the supportive tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules. It’s derived from tunica vasculosa.

They contain leydig cells

Question 6

What are the two parts of the seminephrous tubules of the testis and what is the histology of each one?

Answer 6

Two parts of seminiferous tubules:

Long-Convoluted part (5):

Each tubule forms a loop
Folding on itself
Two kinds of cells: Sertoli + sperms

======================

Short-Straight part (Straight tubule or tubulus rectus) (6):

This is the end of the loop
Location: in mediastinum
Only Sertoli cells are present (no germination)

Question 7

What is the epithelium and the layers following it of the seminephrous tubules?

Answer 7

Simple columnar epithelium (made out of Sertoli cells) (Called germinal epithelium)

Basement membrane/ basal lamina
Lamina propria connective tissue (collagen) + peritubular contractile cells (myoid cells)

Question 8

Label

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the route of the sperm from the seminephrous tubules all the way till the vagina?

Answer 9

Intra-testicular Ducts
5. Seminiferous tubules (Long-Convoluted part)
↓
6. Seminiferous tubules (Short-Straight part)
↓
7. Rete testis
Extra-testicular Ducts or Excurrant duct system
↓
8. Efferent ductules
↓
9a. Head of epididymis
↓
9b. Body of epididymis
↓
9.c Tail of epididymis
↓
10. Vas/Ductus deferens (scrotum, inguinal canal, pelvis =NYC)
↓
Ejaculatory duct (on urinary vesicle)
After Vas deferens mergy-mergy with duct of seminal vesicle
Fast food pick up 1 from seminal vesicle
↓
Urethra
Prostatic urethra mergy-mergy with ducts of prostate gland
Fast food pick up 2 from prostate gland
Membranous urethra
Penile urethra
↓
Vagina, Cervix, Uterus. Fallopian tube (rendezvous in Tokyo with ovum)

Question 10

What is the epithelium of the rete testis?

Answer 10

Simple cuboidal
Single apical cilium, Few short apical microvilli

Question 11

What is the epithelium of the Efferent ductules?

Answer 11

Both Pseudo-stratified columnar with cillia and cuboidal with microvilli

Cells: 1 cuboidal cells with microvilli, 2 columnar cell with cilia, 3 basal stem cells

Uneven lumen from alternating cuboidal and columnar cells

Question 12

What is unique about the smooth muscle layer of the efferent ductules?

Answer 12

Circular smooth muscle first appears

Question 13

What is the epithelium of the epididymis?

Answer 13

Pseudo-stratified columnar with stereocilia (giant microvilli)

Cells: 1 Tall Principal cells: columnar cells with stereocilia; 2 Short basal stem cells

Question 14

What is the difference in the layers of the smooth muscle of the tail and head of the epididmyis?

Answer 14

Head: thin, single layer of circular smooth muscle

Tail: thick, three layers:
Inner L; Middle C; Outer L smooth muscle

Question 15

What is the epithelium of the vas deferens?

Answer 15

Same as Epididymus; Deep longitudinal mucosal folds

Pseudo-stratified columnar with stereocilia
Cells: 1 columnar cells, 2 basal stem cells

Question 16

What are the layers of the smooth muscle of the vas deferens?

Answer 16

Same as tail of Epididymus
L: inner longitudinal
C: middle circular
L: outer longitudinal

Question 17

What is the epithelium of the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 17

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 18

What is the smooth muscle layer of the ejacolatory duct composed of?

Answer 18

No smooth muscle

Question 19

What is the epithelium of the Prostatic/ Membranous and Penile urethra

Answer 19

Prostatic/ Membranous: Transitional epithelium;

Penile: Pseudo-stratified columnar / Stratified columnar

Question 20

ok

Question 21

Label

Answer 21

Question 22

Label

Answer 22

Question 23

Label the covered

Answer 23

Question 24

Label

Answer 24

Question 25

Label the covered

Answer 25

Question 26

What is this an image of?

Answer 26

Efferent ductules bc they are going up and down

Question 27

What is this a picture of

Answer 27

The epididmyis, it kind of resembles the seminephrous tubules but the main distinction is the fact that the psedoustratified columnar epithelium is completely seprate from the rest

Question 28

What is this a picture of

Answer 28

Vas/ductus defrens since it looks like a duct

Question 29

Label

Answer 29

Question 30

What is this a picture of

Answer 30

Penis

Question 31

Label

Answer 31

Question 32

What is the epithelium, type of gland, layers, and function of the seminal vesicals?

Answer 32

**Type:** Simple tubular, coiled gland Paired gland **Layers:** Mucosa: multiple folds giving a honeycomb-like appearance Epithelium + Lamina Propria (LP) Pseudo stratified columnar or Simple columnar LP is thin and elastic Muscular layer: thin layer of smooth muscle Adventitia thin elastic & blends with surrounding CT **Function:** Secretion of 70% of the seminal fluid. It nourishes and transports sperms. It has nutrients for the sperms: fructose amino acid vitamin C prostaglandins

Question 33

What is the epithelium, type of gland, layers, and function of the Prostate?

Answer 33

**Type:** Single gland 30-50 branched tubulo-alveolar glands, In three concentric layers Embedded in a Fibro-muscular stroma **Mucosa:** Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium + LP In old prostate glands: Prostatic concretions/stones develop in the lumen: “corpora amylacea”. They appear eosinophilic spherical rings. **Function:** Secretion of 25% of the seminal fluid It nourishes and transports sperms It is alkaline to buffer acidity of urine

Question 34

What type of glands does each zone of the prostate contain?

Answer 34

**Transitional zone (purple) surrounds the prostatic urethra.** 5% glands. This zone has the** mucosal glands**, secrete directly to urethra. **Central zone** (yellow) surrounds the ejaculatory ducts. 25% glands. This zone has the **submucosal glands**. After merging, their ducts open into posterior wall of urethra. **Peripheral zone (pink)** is on the posterior and lateral side of the prostate. 70% glands. This zone has the **main glands**. After merging, their ducts open into posterior wall of urethra.

Question 35

What is this an image of

Answer 35

Seminal vesicles