Packet #7

Question 1

Alkane

Answer 1

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds

Question 2

In a stick structure, an “end” represents how many carbons and how many hydrogens?

Answer 2

One (1) carbon and 3 hydrogens

Question 3

In a stick structure, a “bend” represents how many carbons and how many hydrogens?

Answer 3

One (1) carbon and 2 hydrogens

Question 4

In a stick structure, a “branch point” represents how many carbons and how many hydrogens?

Answer 4

One (1) carbon and one (1) hydrogen

Question 5

Alkene

Answer 5

Hydrocarbons that contain double bonds

Question 6

Name the common reactions that alkenes undergo

Answer 6

• Hydrogenation (an addition rxn)
• Bromination
• Conversion to alcohols
• Alkene polymerization

Question 7

Polymer

Answer 7

A long chain like molecule containing thousands of atoms

Question 8

Monomers

Answer 8

small molecules that can be joined chemically to make polymers

Question 9

Is polymerization endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 9

Exothermic

Question 10

Complete comubstion of hydrocarbons

Answer 10

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen Gas (O₂₎ → Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) + Water

Question 11

Incomplete combustion

Answer 11

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen Gas → Carbon monoxide + Water

Question 12

Aromatic compound

Answer 12

A ring of 6 carbon atoms with 3 conjugated double bonds. (Benzene example)

Question 13

Methane

Answer 13

CH₄

Question 14

Ethane

Answer 14

CH₃CH₃

Question 15

CH₃CH₃

Answer 15

Ethane

Question 16

Propane

Answer 16

CH₃CH₂CH₃

Question 17

CH₃CH₂CH₃

Answer 17

Propane

Question 18

Butane

Answer 18

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

Question 19

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

Answer 19

Butane

Question 20

repeat unit

Answer 20

the basic chemical structure of a polymer that repeats over and over again along the length of a polymer chain

Question 21

polymerization

Answer 21

chemical reaction by which monomers join chemically to form a polymer

Question 22

Saturdated hydrocarbon

Answer 22

Hydrogen takes up all possible spots on the carbon molecules in the hydrocarbon (alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons)

Question 23

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 23

Hydrogens are not at every spot of the carbon in a hydrocarbon. (Alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon)

Question 24

Alkyne

Answer 24

Have a triple Carbon to Carbon bond (burn at 3000 deg C)

Question 25

Phenyl group

Answer 25

C₆H₅

Question 26

Alkyl group

Answer 26

The part of the alkane that remains when a hydrogen atom is removed

Question 27

Methyl

Answer 27

—CH₃

Question 28

Ethyl

Answer 28

—CH₃CH₂

Question 29

*n-*Propyl

Answer 29

CH₃CH₂CH₂—

Question 30

Isopropyl

Answer 30

Question 31

*n*-Butyl

Answer 31

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂—

Question 32

*sec-*Butyl

Answer 32

Question 33

Isobutyl

Answer 33

Question 34

*tert-*Butyl

Answer 34

Question 35

primary carbon atom secondary carbon atom tertiary carbon atom quaternary carbon atom

Answer 35

A carbon atom with (1,2,3,4) other carbon atoms attached to it.

Question 36

Properties of alkanes

Answer 36

* low polarity * insoluble in water * soluble in nonpolar organic solvents (including other alkanes) * generally less dense than water * weak London forces * melting and boiling points increase with molecular size

Question 37

Methylene

Answer 37

another name for a CH₂ group

Question 38

Properties of alkenes and alkynes

Answer 38

* bonds in both are nonpolar * influenced mainly by weak London dispersion forces * boiling points increase with size of molecules * insoluble in water * soluble in nonpolar solvents * less denwse than water * flammamble and nontoxic * alkenes quite reactive because of the double bonds

Question 39

Addition reaction

Answer 39

gernal reaction in which two reactants add together to form a single product with no atoms "left over" A + B →C

Question 40

Elimination reaction

Answer 40

Elimination reaction occurs when a single reactant splits into two products. A →B + C

Question 41

Substitution reaction

Answer 41

Occurs when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products. AB + C →AC + B

Question 42

Halogenation

Answer 42

The addition of Cl₂ or Br₂ to a multiple bond to give a dihalide product Example: CH₂=CH₂ + Cl₂ → CH₂Cl=CH₂Cl (1,2-Dichloroethane)

Question 43

Hydrohalogenation

Answer 43

The additi8on of HCl or HBr to a multiple bond to give an alkyl halide product

Question 44

Markinikov's rule

Answer 44

In the addition of HX to an alkene, the H attaches to the double-bond carbon that has the larger number of H atoms *directly *attached to it, and the X attaches to the carbon that has the smaller number of H atoms attached.

Question 45

Hydration of alkenes

Answer 45

The addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. (Need H₂SO₄) as a catalyst

Question 46

H₂C=CH—

Answer 46

Vinyl group