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ENCOR BOSON > Packet Switching > Flashcards

Packet Switching Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 layers of the OSI model? Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away

A

1) Physical - bits
2) Data Link (node to node transfer) - frames
3) Network (routing) - packets
4) Transport (UDP - datagrams /TCP - segments)
5) Session - data
6) Presentation - data
7) Application - data

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2
Q

What is a CAM table?

A

Content Addressable Memory - table is a data structure used by network switches to store information about MAC (Media Access Control) addresses and the physical switch ports associated with them (AKA MAC ADDRESS TABLE)

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3
Q

TCAM table

A

Ternary Content Addressable Memory (uses NVRAM) - allows for high-speed access to routing and access control information

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4
Q

What is a PDU

A

Protocol Data Unit - refers to the specific unit of data relevant to each layer in the OSI model. Each OSI layer has its own PDU type, encapsulating data with the necessary headers and/or trailers needed for that layer’s function before passing it to the next layer.

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5
Q

Displaying the CAM table aging time

A

SwitchA#show mac—address—table aging—time

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6
Q

Configuring the CAM table aging time

A

SwitchA (config) #mac—address—table aging—time 1200

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7
Q

Displaying all MAC addresses the switch has learned

A

SwitchA#show mac—address—table

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8
Q

Displaying MAC addresses learned through a specific switch port

A

SwitchA#show mac—address—table interface fastethernet 0/1

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9
Q

Displaying the CAM table entry for a specific MAC address

A

SwitchA#show mac—address—table address AF—D3—C0 43—FB—85

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10
Q

Which OSI model layer do “bits” belong to?

A

Layer1, Physical

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11
Q

Which OSI model layer do “frames” belong to?

A

Layer 2, Data Link

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12
Q

Which OSI model layer do “packets” belong to?

A

Layer 3, Network

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13
Q

Which OSI model layer do “segments (in TCP)” belong to?

A

Layer 4, Transport

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14
Q

Which OSI model layer do “datagrams (in TCP)” belong to?

A

Layer 4, Transport

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15
Q

Which OSI model layer do “session messages (or data) “ belong to?

A

Layer 5, Session

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16
Q

What is an ASIC

A

Application-Specific Integrated Circuits, specialized circuits for processing network data

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17
Q

Packet Switching: process switching

A

Slowest of the three packet switching methods, uses software and CPU of the switch, used for complex methods like NAT and encryption

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18
Q

Packet Switching: fast switching

A

“route caching” uses CPU only for first part

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19
Q

Packet Switching: CEF switching

A

Cisco Express Forwarding, AKA topology-based switching

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20
Q

To enable fast switching, issue… command at the global config mode

A

ip route-cache

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21
Q

To disable fast switching, issue… command at the global config mode

A

no ip route-cache

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22
Q

display the fast -switching cache

A

Router#show ip cache

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23
Q

display the RIB

A

Router#show ip route

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24
Q

display the FIB

A

Router#show ip cef

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25
show the CEF adjacency table
Router#show adjacency
26
show the arp table
Router#show ip arp
27
configure CEF load balancing per packet
router(config-if)#ip load-sharing per-packet
28
configure CEF load balancing per packet
router(config-if)#ip load-sharing per-destination
29
configure the CEF load balancing algorythm
Router(config)#ip cef load-sharing algorythm xxxxxxxx
30
what are the 4 types of CEF LB algorythms?
origional universal (default) tunnel include-ports (layer 4)
31
What are the QoS parameters for Layer 2 ?
802.1p CoS , 802.11 TID
32
QoS: what is COS?
Class of Service, Layer 2, 3-bit field in the VLAN (802.1Q),
33
QoS: what is ToS
Type of Service
34
What are the QoS parameters for Layer 3 ?
IP ToS , DSCP
35
QoS: DSCP
Differentiated Services CodePoint use 6 left most bits 2^6 or 64 possible classifications, Layer 3
36
QoS: IP precedence
2^6 possible classifications
37
QoS: PHB (DSCP)
Per Hop Bevaviors (21 labeled classifications out of 64) ITF created these. if the binary doesnt end in "0" it is not a class the ITF set up
38
PHB - default (DSCP)
000000 or 0
39
QoS: PHB - Expidited Forwarding (EF) (DSCP)
101110 or 46 (backwards compatible with IP precendence
40
QoS: DCSP Assured Forwarding (AF) values
4 classes, but the first three binarys match the old IP precedence
41
QoS: Random Early Detection, RED
42
QoS - Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
The routers politly asking teh source to slow down bits 7 and 8 - 00 "rtr does not speak ECN", a single one "rtr speaks ECN", both bits are 1's, rtr "speaks and is experiencing congestion"
43
QoS: CB-WFQ
Class-Based Weighted Fair Queueing
44
QoS What is Shaping
Polite, delays, queues (works with bits)
45
QoS What is Policing
the Nazi that drops traffic (works with bytes)
46
QoS: What is MQC
Modular Quality of Service, Command Line Interface
47
QoS: What are Class Maps
Define and classify traffic types (Cisco recommends 11 or less classes)
48
QoS: What are Policy Maps
Specify what QoS actions to apply to each class (e.g., bandwidth allocation, priority)
49
QoS: What are Service Policies
Apply the policy map to an interface.
50
Qos: what is the command to create a Class Map?
R1(config)#class-map match-any [CLASSNAME] --> match protocol [PROTOCOL]
51
Qos: what is the command to show the class maps?
R1(config)#do show class-map
52
Qos: what is the command to create a policy map?
policy-map[MAPNAME] --> class [CLASSNAME] --> [ACTION]
53
QoS: what are the steps to setting up QoS/MQC?
setup classes, setup policies, apply to the interface
54
QoS: what is the command to apply a policy to the interface?
R1(config-if)#service-policy output [POLICY NAME]
55
QoS: powerful command to show a policy applied on an int
R1#show policy-map interface [INTERFACE NAME]
56
QoS: What are the three versions of AutoQoS?
Router-based AutoQoS VoIP, Switch-based AutoQoS VoIP, & Router-based AutoQoS Enterprise
57
QoS: Router-based AutoQoS VoIP only works on Ethernet ports
False: is only works on WAN circuits
58
QoS: what is the command to implement router based auto QoS?
R1(config-if)# auto qos voip
59
QoS: what is created using router based auto QoS?
Class maps referring to an extended ACL An ACL that matches voice traffic, A policy map
60
QoS: command to start the autoQoS ENterprise process?
R1(config-if)#auto discover qos
61
QoS: What are the steps of AutoQos Enterprise?
discovery (wait 2-3 days), look for what was discovered, apply what was discoered.
62
QoS: how to view what auto QoS enterprise has discovered
R1#show auto discovery qos interface [INT NAME]
63
QoS: how to apply what was discovered using auto qos enterprise
R1(config-if)# auto qos
64
QoS: What are the 4 wifi access categories?
Voice (AC_VO) Video (AC_VI) Best Effort (AC_BE) Background (AC_BK)
65
WMM QoS IEEE 802.1P categories mapped to
66
QOS: What is the the BE class?
Best Effort, low priority
67
QOS: What is the the EF class?
Expedited Forwarding, highest class
68
QOS: What is the the AF class?
Assurd Forwarding, AF Classes (1 to 4): Higher class numbers indicate higher priority within the AF class hierarchy.
69
QoS: What are the 12 possible DSCP values for AF
70
QoS: What are the category, CoS, and DSCP values in wireless QoS?
71
QoS: what are the 4 basic queueing mecahnisms in congestion management?
FIFO (first in first out) PQ (priority queueing) CQ (custom queueing) WFQ (Weighted Fair Queueing)
72
QoS: FIFO (first in first out)
default, basically nothing
73
QoS: PQ (priority queueing)
4 queues, guarantees high priority is first but can cause lower priority to be starved
74
QoS: CQ (custom queueing)
16 queues,
75
QoS: WFQ (weighted fair queueing)
256 queues, round robinsdistributes bandwidth based on class
76
QoS: LFI (Link Fragmentation and Interleaving)
breaks up large packets so that small, jitter sensitive packets don't have to wait so long)
77
QoS: what are the 4 scheduling mechanisms?
Strict Priority Round Robin Weighted fair
78
QoS: congestion avoidance, tail drop
drops off the last packets to open up more space in the queue
79
QoS: congestion avoidence, RED (rendom early detection)
a congestion avoidance method that can avoid global synchronization
80
QoS: congestion avaoidence, what is WRED
Ciscos version of RED, Weighted Random Early Detection, probability of a packet getting discarded is dependent on its IP precedence
81
What are the three steps to setting up QoS?
Define the CLASS MAP Define the POLICY MAP LINK the Policy Map to the Interface
82

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