pacl

Question 1

Q: What are the three main articulations of the hip bone?

Answer 1

Sacroiliac joint: Articulation with the sacrum.

Pubic symphysis: Articulation between the left and right hip bones.

Hip joint: Articulation with the head of the femur.

Question 2

What are the three parts of the hip joint?

Answer 2

ilium, pubis and ischium

Question 3

What do the three parts of the hip bone join to form?

Answer 3

The acetabulum

Question 4

What was the acetabulum formerly called?

Answer 4

The triradiate cartlige which disappears and forms the acetabulum

Question 5

What does the head of the femur articulate with to form the hip joint?

Answer 5

It articulates with the acetabulum

Question 6

What is the widest part of the three parts of the hip bone?

Answer 6

The ilium

Question 7

What does the inner surface of the wing of the ilium form?

Answer 7

iliac fossa

Question 8

What attaches to the external surface of the wing of ilium?

Answer 8

glutteal muscles

Question 9

Where does the iliac crest extend from?

Answer 9

The anterior superior iliac spine to the posterior superior iliac spine

Question 10

Label the black

Answer 10

Question 11

Where is the mid-inguinal point located and what can be palpated there?

Answer 11

It is located mid way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphsis

The Femoral artery can be palptated there

Question 12

Where is the mid point of the inguinal ligament located?

Answer 12

halfway between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle.

Question 13

What is the function of the pubic body and were is it located?

Answer 13

Its function is to articulate with opposite pubic body at the pubic symphisis

Question 14

Label

Answer 14

Question 15

What foramen do the superior and inferior pubic rami enclose?

Answer 15

They enclose part of the obturator foramen

Question 16

What forms the ischiopubic ramus?

Answer 16

The inferior ischail ramus and the inferior pubic ramus

Question 17

What does your weight fall on when you sit?

Answer 17

The ischial tuberosities

Question 18

Label

Answer 18

Question 19

What is the sacrospinous ligament?

Answer 19

It is a ligament that is attached from the sacrum and ends at the ischial spine

Question 20

What does the sacrospinal ligament form?

Answer 20

It forms the greater sciatic foramen

Question 21

What does the sacrostuberous ligament form?

Answer 21

It forms the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 22

Where do the organs of the pelvis reside?

Answer 22

In the pelvic cavity in the lesser pelvis

Question 23

What two muscles form the lateral wall of the pelvis?

Answer 23

Obturator internus and priformis

Question 24

What are the three main components in that make up the pelvic floor?

Answer 24

1 Levator ani muscles (largest component)

2 Coccygeus muscle

3 Fascia coverings of the muscles

Question 25

What is the innervation of the levator ani muscles?

Answer 25

Pudendal nerve (roots s2, 3, 4)

Question 26

What are the three muscles of the levator ani?

Answer 26

Pubococcygeus puborecatlis iliococcygeus

Question 27

Label

Answer 27

Question 28

What is the main function of the puborecatlis muscle and what does its contraction do?

Answer 28

**Main:** Maintain fecal continince **Contraction:** Forms the anorectal angle at the anorectal junction (the 90 degree angle)

Question 29

What is the main constituant of the levator ani?

Answer 29

The pubococcygeus

Question 30

Where does the iliococcygeous muscle start?

Answer 30

at the ischial spine

Question 31

What is the function of the iliococcygeal muscle?

Answer 31

To elevate the pelvic floor and the anorectal canal

Question 32

What is the **coccygeus** innervated by?

Answer 32

The anterior rami of S4 and S5

Question 33

What are the two muscles of the pelvic floor that are most pronet to injury during cervical child birth?

Answer 33

The puborectalis and pubococcygeus muscles

Question 34

What muscles support the fetal head during child birth?

Answer 34

Levator ani

Question 35

Where do the levator ani muscles and the coccygeus orginate from and where do they end?

Answer 35

**Coccygeus**: Originates from the ischial spines and terminates at the lateral side of the coccyx and sacrum along the sacrospinous ligament **Puborectalis**: From the **Pubococcygeus** From the pubis to attaching at the coccyx and anococcygeal ligament. **Iliococcygeus** From the ischial spine to the coccyx and anococcygeal ligament