PAD- Ulcers, ABPI and Management Flashcards

1
Q

What do leg ulcers suggest?

A

Indication skin and tissues are struggling to heal due to imparied blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are arterial ulcers caused by?

A

Ischaemia secondary to inadequate blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are venous ulcers caused by?

A

Impaired drainage and pooling of blood in the legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compare arterial and venous ulcer features

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What investigations can be used for peripheral arterial disease?

A

Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI)
Duplex ultrasound
Angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is ankle-brachial pressure index?

A

Ration of SBP in the ankle to the SBP in the arm

Taken manually using a doppler probe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do different ABPI values suggest?

A

1.3 < Calcification of arteries making them more difficult to compress

0.9-1.3 Normal

0.6-0.9 Mild PAD

0.3-0.6 Moderate to severe PAD

< 0.3 Severe disease to critical ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can intermittent claudication be managed?

A

Lifestyle changes for modifiable risk factors

Medical treatment of co-morbidities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What medical treatments are used for intermittent claudication?

A

Atorvastatin 80mg

Clopidogrel 75mg once daily (use aspirin if not suitable)

Naftidrofuryl oxalate (5-HT2 receptor antagonist, acts as peripheral vasodilator)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What surgical options are available for intermittent claudication?

A

Endovascular angioplasty and stenting

Endarterectomy

Bypass surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When are endovascular angioplasty and stenting used?

A

Less extensive disease as lower risks but not suitable for extensive disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are patients with critical limb ischaemia managed?

A

Urgent referral to vascular team

Analgesia for pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can urgent revascularisation be achieved?

A

Endovascular angioplasty and stenting
Endarterectomy
Bypass surgery
Amputation- if not possible to restore blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can acute limb ischaemia be managed?

A

Urgent referral to vascular team for assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What management options are available for acute limb ischaemia?

A

Endovascular thrombolysis
Endovascular thrombectomy
Surgical thrombectomy
Endarterectomy
Bypass surgery
Amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly