Paediatric cardiology Flashcards
(23 cards)
Sx of heart failure in children?
pulmonary oedema
- difficulty breathing
- RR increased)
compensation for poor cardiac output
- HR increased,
- vasoconstriction
- sweaty
Which congenital conditions causes cardiac failure in children and which don’t?
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Atrial septal defect
Atrioventricular septal defect
Coarctation of the aorta
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis only causes murmur not cardiac failure
What is Ventricular septal defect?
a hole in the wall between the two ventricles, allowing blood to flow improperly from the left to the right ventricle
What is patent ductus arteriosus?
a failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth, causing blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
What is atrial septal defect?
a hole in the wall between the two atria, allowing blood to flow improperly from the left to the right atrium
What is atrioventricular septal defect?
the septum and valves, are not fully developed
What congenital condition causes cyanotic heart disease?
Tetralogy of Fallot with Transposition of the Great Arteries and Pulmonary Atresia
Sx of cyanotic heart disease?
Cyanosis
GOOD systemic flow - just deoxygenated blood directed systemically
NO pulmonary oedema
What is tetralogy of fallot?
A combination of four heart defects: - - ventricular septal defect
- overriding aorta
- pulmonary stenosis
- right ventricular hypertrophy
What is transposition of the great arteries?
A condition where the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, resulting in the aorta arising from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arising from the left ventricle
What is pulmonary atresia?
Complete absence or closure of the pulmonary valve, preventing blood from flowing from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries
Ix for diagnosis of TOF TGA PA?
CXR
Echo
Tx for TOF TGA PA?
Avoid oxygen if duct dependent
Prostaglandin
Palliation- Blalock-Taussig shunt
Definitive repair
Difference in presentation between innocent and significant murmur?
soft harsh
no radiation radiates
praecordial only audible elsewhere
systolic and short not !
varies with posture doesn’t
well other signs (failure, no
femorals, blue)
Which congenital heart defects cause fixed splitting murmur?
Which congenital heart defects cause ejection systolic murmurs?
Which congenital heart defects cause pansystolic murmurs?
What type of murmur does PDA cause?
Cause of SVT in babies/children?
Treatment for SVT in babies / children?
Congenital heart block
Cause of asystole/bradycardia in children?
