Paediatric Foot Problems Flashcards
(29 cards)
where done bone growth occur from?
physis
factors that affect the growth from the physis
diet vitamins A and D injury illness hormones (GH)
what is genu varum
knees are far away
when is genu varum normal?
<2 years
when can persistence of genu varum be normal?
if it runs in families
when is genu varum abnormal?
unilateral
severe >2SD
painful
pathologies of genu varum
skeletal dysplasia Ricket's tumours (enchondroma) Blount's disease trauma
what is Blount’s disease
growth arrest of medial tibial physis
what is genu valgum?
knees knock together
when does genu valgum peak?
3 1/2 years
when to refer genu valgum?
pain
severe
beyond 11 years
pathologies of genu valgum
tumours (enchondroma, osteochondromas)
ricket’s
NF
what are three potential causes of intoeing?
- femoral neck anteversion
- internal tibial torsion
- metatarsus adductus
presentation of femoral neck anteversion
child sits in W position
predisposes to patellofemoral problems
what age does internal tibial torsion present?
1-3 years
most resolve by 6
presentation of internal tibial torsion
foot sits outward of hip when kneeling
management of metatarsus adductus
serial casting can help but most resolve
is everyone born with flat feet?
yes
when does the medial arch in the foot develop?
tibialis posterior strengthens
management of flat feet
usually asymptomatic but can do stretching
when is flat feet pathological?
tarsal coalition
this requires surgery
when do curly toes tend to resolve?
by age 6
what to consider if curly toes persist?
flexor tenotomy
what is talipes equinovarus?
club foot
