Paediatric pharmacology

Question 1

What is the dosage for paracetamol 500mg?

Answer 1

Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours- Max 8 tabs in 24 hrs
Children 7-12 years- 0.5-1 tabs every 4-6 hours with max 4 tab

Question 2

Paracetamol Optizorb

Answer 2

• use for shortest duration of treatment
  Adults>12 years old: 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours with max 8 Tablet
  Children 7-12 Years old 0.5-1 tablets every 4-6 hours with max 4 tablets

Question 3

Panadol Osteo 650mg?

Answer 3

It is a modified sustained release drug. Taken 3 times a day
Children dosage???

Question 4

Paracetamol Liquid 240mg/ml dosage for children?

Answer 4

-10-15mg/kg every 4-6 hours- Max 4 times a day- Can be mixed with fruit

5-6 years ( 18-20 kg) 6ml
6-7 yrs 20-22 kg: 6-7 ml
7-8 yrs (22-25 kg): 7-8 ml
8-9 yrs (25-28): 8-9 ml
9-10 yrs (28-32 kg : 9-10 ml
10-11 yrs 10-11 ml
12-12 yrs 36-41 kg: 11-13 ml

Question 5

Ibuprofen 200 mg

Answer 5

-Tablets, liquid capsule
Can be taken with/ without food
Should be used only for few days

Question 6

Ibuprofen contraindications

Answer 6

Aspirin, NSAID hypersensitivity
GI bleed, Ulcer, Renal disease, Severe hepatic impairment, Heart failure

Intraction: Metabolised by CYP450 enzyme

Question 7

Ibuprofen 100mg/5ML dosage ?

Answer 7

Maybe taken with or without food. used for shortest duration to control symptoms

Suggested does 5-10 mg/kg/dose

Children 2<4 yrs (12-16kg): 5ml
Children 4<7 yrs ( 16-22 kg): 7.5 ml
Children 7<10 yrs (22-32kg): 10 ml
Children 10-12 yrs ( 32-41 kg) 15 ml
repeat every 6-8 hrs with Max 4 doses/24 hrs
Shake well- Measure dose with Syringe

Question 8

Ibuprofen 150 mg, Paracetamol 500mg dosage

Answer 8

Brand name: Maxigesic
Adults and children> 12 yrs- 1-2 Tabs every 6 hours with Max 8 Tablet

Question 9

Ibuprofen 200mg -Paracetamol 500mg

Answer 9

Brand name: Nuromol
Adults< 65 yrs and children > 12 yrs: 1 Tabs every 8 hrs as required with Max 3 tabs in 24 hrs for max 3 consequtive days

Question 10

Diclofenac 12.5 mg, 25 mg (S3)

Answer 10

Indication: Inflammatory, degenerative RHA
Dose: Swallow whole- 2 Capsules every 4-6 hrs with max 6 capsules in 24 hrs- do not divide or chew
Use lowest effective dose for shortest possible duration
Review indication: CV disease, Uncontrolled hypertension

Question 11

NSAIDs DDI?

Answer 11

-Asthma
-Lithium-Bipolar disorder
GORD or gastric bleeding
Later stages of pregnancy
Anticoagulants

Question 12

Name anticoagulant drugs and brand?

Answer 12

• Coumadin ( Warfarin)
  Eliquis ( Apixaban)
  -Xarelto ( Rivaroxaban)
  Plavix ( Clopidogrel)
  Pradaxa (Dabigartan)
  Low dose aspirin ( Cartia)
  Effient ( Prasugrel)
  Brilinta ( ticagrelor)

Question 12

What is tripple whaymmy?

Answer 12

-Acute kidney injury
occurs DUE to concurrent use of ACE inhibitor, Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker (ARB), Diuretic, NSAID

ACE and ARB with or without diuretic increase the risk of acute kidney injury

Question 12

Name some of ACE inhibitors generic name?

Answer 12

Usually ends with pril
Captopril ( Capoten)
Lisinopril ( Zestril)
Perindopril ( Coversyl)
Ramipril ( Ramace)

Question 12

Name some of ARB or angiotension 2 receptor blocker medication?

Answer 12

• Usually ends with Sartan
  Candesartan ( Atacand)
  -Irbesartan ( Avapro)
• Telmisartan ( Micardis)

Question 13

What are common diuretics?

Answer 13

Indapamide ( Natrilix)
Furosemide ( Lasix)

Question 14

Hydrocortisone

Answer 14

• Hydrocortisone acetate 0.5%
  -Hydrocortisone acetate 1%
  Comes in cream, ointment , spray and solution

Brand name: Dermaid

Question 15

Name a antifungal with Hydrocortisone

Answer 15

Miconazole nitrate 2% with hydrocortisone 0.5%
Ins
Clotrimazole 1%, Hydrocortisone 1%
-Apply to the affected area for not more than 7 days
after the itching and redness subsided switch to only antifungal for 6 weeks
continue with an antifungal cream for 14 days after symptoms disappeared

Question 16

Anti histamines- Sedating

Answer 16

Promethazine tablet 25 mg ( S3)
Indication: Allergy, Nausea, Vomiting, Travel sickness

Dose Adults and children > 12 yrs 25 mg every 4-6 hrs. Max 100mg/ day
Children 6-12 yrs 10 mg every 4-6 hrs, max 20 mg
Promethazine liquid 5mg/5ml
for Allergy use 6-12 yrs 10-25 ml at night or 10 ml 2-3 times daily

For sedation: 6-12 yrs: 10-25 ml at night every 4-6 hrs max 20 ml

Question 17

Anti histamine-none sedating

Answer 17

• Fexofendaine (S2)
• Loratadine
  -Allergic rhinits and urticartia
  Interactions: Antacids contains AI
  Dose: Adults and children 12>.

Question 18

Local anaesthetics

Answer 18

Lidocaine gel 2%
Lidocaine cream 4%
Lidocaine spray
Emla cream 5% Lidocaine + Prilocaine
Lidocaine Transdermal patch* –> can this be used for nervi pain???