Paediatric Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

Side effects of antibiotics

Answer 1

Diarrhoea
Oral thrush
Nappy rash
Allergic reaction
Multi resistance

Question 2

URTIs

Answer 2

Rhinitis
Otitis media
Tonsillitis/pharyngitis
Croup/epiglottitis

Question 3

Which conditions is rhinitis a prodrome to?

Answer 3

Pneumonia, bronchiolitis
Meningitis
Septicaemia

Question 4

What does the eardrum look like with otitis media?

Answer 4

Ertythema
Bulging drum (can result in spontaneous rupture)

Question 5

What is the primary cause of otitis media?

Answer 5

Viral infection

Question 6

What is the secondary cause of otitis media?

Answer 6

Pneumococcus

Haemophilus influenza

Question 7

What is the treatment of otitis media?

Answer 7

Analgesia

Antibiotics not effective

Question 8

LTB

Answer 8

Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)

Question 9

Is croup common or rare?

Answer 9

Common

Question 10

Are children with croup generally well or unwell?

Answer 10

Well

Question 11

Presentation of croup

Answer 11

Coryza
Stridor
Hoarse voice
“Barking” cough

Question 12

Treatment of croup

Answer 12

Oral dexamethasone

Question 13

Is Epiglottitis common or rare?

Answer 13

Rare

Question 14

What is the causative organism of epiglottitis?

Answer 14

H. influenzae type B

Question 15

Are children with epiglottitis generally well or unwell?

Answer 15

Unwell - medical emergency

Question 16

Epiglottitis treatment

Answer 16

Intubation and antibiotics

Question 17

Epiglottitis presentation

Answer 17

Drooling
Stridor
Temperature

Question 18

Drooling, stridor and temperature

Answer 18

Emergency

Question 19

Do antibiotics generally help in URTIs?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

Common bacterial agents in LRTIs

Answer 20

Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 21

Common viral agents in LRTIs

Answer 21

RSV
Parainfluenza III
Influenza A and B
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus

Question 22

LRTIs

Answer 22

Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Respiratory syncytial virus (leads to bronchiolitis?)
Pertussis

Question 23

Main treatment of LRTI

Answer 23

Oxygenation
Hydration
Nutrition

Question 24

Bronchitis presentation

Answer 24

Loose, rattly cough
Chest free of wheeze/creps
Mostly self limiting

Question 25

Mechanism of bacterial bronchitis

Answer 25

Disturbed mucociliary clearance - bacterial growth secondary so antibiotics wont help

Question 26

Red flags in LRTI

Answer 26

``` Age <6 mo, >4yr No relapse-remission Static weight Disrupts child’s life Associated SOB Acute admission Other co-morbidities ```

Question 27

What is the main pathogen in bronchiolitis?

Answer 27

RSV

Question 28

Presentation of bronchiolitis

Answer 28

Nasal stuffiness Tachypnoea Poor feeding Crackles +/- wheeze

Question 29

Community acquired pneumonia management

Answer 29

Oral amoxycillin Oral macrolide Only IV if vomiting

Question 30

LRTI/pneumonia treatment

Answer 30

Oral amoxycillin

Question 31

Differential diagnosis for asthma onset under 5 years

Answer 31

``` Congenital CF PCD Bronchitis Foreign body ```

Question 32

PCD

Answer 32

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Question 33

Differential diagnosis for asthma onset over 5 years

Answer 33

Dysfunctional breathing Vocal cord dysfunction Habitual cough Pertussis

Question 34

1st line treatment of asthma

Answer 34

Low dose ICS