Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Paediatrics > Paediatric Urology > Flashcards

Paediatric Urology Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of paediatric urological problems

A

Systemic - fever, vomiting, failure to thrive, anaemia, hypertension, renal failure

Local - pain, changes in urine, abnormal voiding, mass, visibile abnormalities, incidental finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antenatal presentation of urological problems

A

Typically assymptomatic

Post natal assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ratio of hernia in boys to girls

A

9 to 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of hernias are indirect?

A

99%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Origin of hernia in boys versus girls

A

Boys - bowel

Girls - ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Difference between direct and indirect hernia

A

Indirect through the inguinal canal

Direct - through posterior wall of inguinal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hernia managment

A

Sugery - mesh repair

Hernia truss if unfit in older patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Location of inguinal canal

A

Above inguinal ligament
Superficial ring anterior to pubic tubercle
Deep ring approximately 1.5-2cm above the half way point between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Floor of inguinal canal

A

External oblique aponeurosis
Inguinal ligament
Lacunar ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Roof of inguinal canal

A

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

Ecternal oblique aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Posterior wal of inguinal canal

A

Transversalis fascia

Conjoint tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lateral to inguinal canal

A

Internal ring

Fibres of internal oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medial of inguinal canal

A

External ring

Conjoint tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contents of inguinal canal in male

A

Spermatic cord

Ilioinguinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coverings of spermatic cord

A

External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Internal spermatic fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

From which tissue is the external spermatic fascia continuous

A

External oblique aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contents of inguinal canal in female

A

Round ligament of uterus

Iioinguinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Presentation of hernia

A

Lump in groin

Child may have vomited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Complications of hernia

A

Bruising, wound infection
Chronic Pain
Recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is hydrocele?

A

Accumulation of fluid in tunica vaginalis

Scrotal swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Features of presentation of hydrocele in children

A

Swelling - confined to scrotum
No pain
Increases with crying, straining and in the evening
Bluish colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 types of hydrocele

A

Communicating and non-communicating

24
Q

Difference between communicating and non-communicating hydrocele

A

Communicating - patency -flow of peritoneal fluid

Non-communicating - excess fluid production in tunica vaginalis

25
Which type of hydrocele is most common in newborn males?
Communicating
26
A hydrocele can develop secondary to
Epididymoorchitis Testicular torsion Testicular tumours
27
Management of infantile hydrocele
Conservative until age 5
28
What is cryptorchidism?
Failure to manipulate any testis into bottom half of scrotum
29
3 groups of cryptorchdism
True undescended testis Ectopic Ascending testis
30
What is true undescended testis?
where testis is absent from the scrotum but lies along the line of testicular descent
31
What is ascending testis?
where a testis previously identified in the scrotum undergoes a secondary ascent out of the scrotum.
32
What pulls the testis from abdomen to scrotum during embryological development?
Gubernaculum
33
Risk factors for cryptorchidism
Prematurity Low birth weight Other genitalia abnormalities (hypospadias) First degree relative with cryptorchidism
34
What needs to be clarified in history of cryptorchidism?
Has testis ever been seen or palpated within the scrotum
35
Sites of true undescended testis
Abdominal Inguinal Suprascrotal
36
Sites of ectopic testis
Prepenile | Femoral
37
Cryptorchidism may be a presentation of which other condition?
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
38
How is congenital adrenal hyperplasia managed?
High dose sodium chloride therapy Glucose montioring Steroid replacement
39
Indications for orchidopexy
``` Fertility Malignancy Torsion Trauma Cosmetic ```
40
Absolute indication for circumcision
Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans
41
What is Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans
Keratinisation of tip of foreskin causes scarring and prepuce is non-retractile
42
Clinical features of balanitis xerotica obliterans
Ballooning of foreskin during micturition | Scarring of urethral meatus - dysuria, irritation, haematuria, local infection
43
Relative indications for circumcision
Balanoprosthitis Religious UTI
44
Complications of circumcision
Bleeding Meatal stenosis Fistula Cosmetic
45
Differential diagnosis of acute scrotum
Torsion testis Torsion appendix testis - blue dot sign Epididymitis
46
Causes of acute scrotum
Trauma Haematocele Incarcerated inguinal hernia
47
Definition of UTI
Pure growth bacteria Pyuria Systemic upset -fever, vomiting
48
Management of vesicoureteric reflux
Conservative - voiding advice, constipation, fluids Antibiotic prophylaxis - trimethoprim 2mg/kg nocte STING - subureteral teflon injection Ureteric reimplantation
49
What is hypospadia?
Urethral meatus on ventral aspect of penis | Occurs due to arrested development
50
Classification of hypospadias
Anterior Middle Posterior Anterior occurs in 50% ``` Glandular Coronal Shaft - distal, middle, proximal Scrotal Perineal ```
51
3 features for diagnosis
Do not need all 3 Urethral meatus on ventral aspect Ventral curvature - Chordee Dorsal hooded foreskin
52
Differential diagnosis of hypospadia
Important to exclude Disorder of Sex Development (DSD) | Associated with unilateral or bilateral undescended testis
53
What condition must not be missed with hypospadias and abnormalities in female genitalia?
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
54
Investigations for hypospadias
Ultrasound if severe Karyotype Urea and Electrolytes Endocrine tests
55
Management of hypospadias
DO NOT CIRCUMCISE Ureoplasty Meatus brought to glans of penis, chordee corrected, Dorsal foreskin can be circumcised or reconstructed
56
Complications of hypospadias
``` Bleeding Infection Bladder spasms Meatal or urethral stenosis Urethral fistula ```

Paediatrics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions