Paediatrics

Question 1

Poverty increases childhood risk of which condition most (UK)?

Answer 1

Asthma

Question 2

Besides asthma, which other conditions/things are related to poverty?

Answer 2

Low birthweight
Behavioural problems
SEN
Child abuse

Question 3

Cystic fibrosis is a purely genetic condition that varies with?

Answer 3

Ethnicity

Question 4

DDH is more common in:
Which sex
What presentation during pregnancy?

Answer 4

Girls

Breech presentation during pregnancy

Question 5

In developing countries, pneumonia risk is higher in those with?

Answer 5

Malnutrition

Question 6

Poverty is especially impactful from which ages in childhood?

Answer 6

Birth to 5 years

At 4 y/o, developmental gap of 1.5 years can be seen in poorest vs richest children

Question 7

In which age range is childhood mortality greatest?

Answer 7

<1 year

Major causes of childhood mortality = immaturity and congenital abnormalities

Question 8

Hepatomegaly in infants is an important sign of?

Answer 8

Heart failure (usually secondary to congenital heart disease).

In children, either ventricle can fail (whereas adults typically experience LVF)

Question 9

Ejection systolic murmur, grade 2/6 at the left sternal edge is IN ISOLATION is likely to be?

Answer 9

An innocent murmur

Question 10

Which condition has high prevalence in Kenya and may cause chronic anaemia and splenomegaly?

Answer 10

Malaria

Question 11

Hookworm infestation is associated with (anaemia/splenomegaly) but not (anaemia/splenomegaly)..

Answer 11

Hookworm infestation is associated with anaemia

Hookworm infestation is NOT associated with splenomegaly

Question 12

Wilm’s tumour would cause what instead of enlarged spleen?

Answer 12

Enlarged kidney

Question 13

Sickle cell disease can also cause anaemia and splenomegaly. Which ethnicity has very low prevalence of SCD?

Answer 13

Indian ethnicity

Question 14

Name two conditions that can cause anaemia and splenomegaly and how you would distinguish them

Answer 14

Malaria
Sickle cell disease

If in a malaria-endemic region, eg Kenya - supports malaria diagnosis

If indian ethnicity - low prevalence of SCD - supports malaria diagnosis

Question 15

Increased tone and brisk reflexes indicate?

Answer 15

UMN lesion

Question 16

Decreased tone and reflexes indicate?

Answer 16

LMN lesion

Question 17

What signs may be found in a child with cerebellar lesion?

Answer 17

Nystagmus, past-pointing, ataxia

Question 18

What sign would be present in a basal ganglia lesion?

Answer 18

Abnormal limb movements

Question 19

Neuromuscular junction lesions is which type of lesion?

Answer 19

LMN lesion