Paediatrics Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
How do you assess childhood growth?
And how do you recognise deviation from normal patterns?
A
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2
Q
“RECOGNISE THE NORMAL PATTERN OF INFANTILE, CHILDHOOD AND PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT “
A
(COME UP WITH WAY OF ASKING THIS!!)
3
Q
What are some of the causes of precocious and delayed puberty?
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4
Q
What are some of the causes of short stature?
When should you refer?
A
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5
Q
What are some of the causes of tall stature?
When should you refer?
A
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6
Q
List some of the advantages of breast feeding
A
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7
Q
What are some of the common difficulties with breast feeding and how are these overcome?
A
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8
Q
What advice would you give to parents about infant weaning?
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9
Q
Describe the fluid requirements of the ill neonate
A
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10
Q
Describe the fluid requirements of the ill child
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11
Q
Define “failure to thrive” (growth faltering)
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12
Q
What are some common causes of failure to thrive/growth faltering?
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13
Q
What is defined as childhood obesity? (How do you assess it?)
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14
Q
How does Vit A deficiency present in childhood?
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15
Q
How does Vit D deficiency present in childhood?
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16
Q
How is Vit A deficiency treated in childhood?
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17
Q
How is Vit D deficiency treated in childhood?
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18
Q
Describe how to nutritionally support a chronically sick child
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19
Q
What are some of the common causes of breathlessness in ages ____________ ___________ _________?
A
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20
Q
What are the common causes of wheeze at ages _____. _______. _____?
A
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21
Q
How would you diagnose asthma in a school-aged child?
A
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22
Q
Describe how to instruct an older child in the measurement of peak flow
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23
Q
Describe the management of asthma in childhood (according to guidelines)
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24
Q
What are some of the causes of asthma in childhood?
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25
What is the prognosis of asthma in childhood?
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26
What are the causes of acute stridor in children?
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27
What are the causes of chronic stridor in children?
?
28
How common are Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in children?
What are the main ones/causative organisms?
?
29
What is the treatment for lower respiratory tract infections in children?
?
30
What are the principles of therapy for cystic fibrosis?
?
31
Describe the presentation of cystic fibrosis in:
1) infancy
2) childhood
3) adolescence
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32
Describe the changes that occur in the transition from foetal to extrauterine circulation
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33
Describe a cyanotic cardiac disease in childhood.
| Outline the treatment.
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34
Describe an acyanotic cardiac disease in childhood.
| What is the treatment?
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35
How would you recognise congestive cardiac failure in a child?
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36
What would the initial treatment be for congestive cardiac failure in children?
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37
What clinical signs are associated with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) in children?
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38
What are the clinical signs associated with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in children?
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39
What are the clinical signs associated with coarctation in children?
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40
What are the clinical signs associated with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in children?
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41
What are the clinical signs associated with pulmonary stenosis in children?
?
42
What are the clinical signs associated with aortic stenosis in children?
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43
What are the clinical signs associated with Tetralogy of Fallot in children?
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44
Describe some of the common arrhythmias in childhood
?
45
What are the principles of treatment of childhood arrhythmias?
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46
How does myocarditis present in childhood?
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47
How is myocarditis in childhood managed?
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48
How does cardiomyopathy present in childhood?
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49
How do you manage cardiomyopathy in children?
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50
What children are at risk of infective endocarditis?
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51
What are the clinical signs associated with infective endocarditis in children?
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52
How do you treat infective endocarditis in children?
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53
Outline the general principles of medical therapy used to treat children with cardiovascular disease
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54
Outline the general principles of surgical therapy used in treatment of cardiovascular disease in children
?
55
What are the common causes of vomiting in:
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
56
How is vomiting initially managed in:
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
57
What are the common causes of acute diarrhoea in:
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
58
What are the common causes of chronic diarrhoea in:
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
59
What are the common causes of constipation in:
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
60
What are some of the treatment options for constipation in infancy/childhood/adolescence?
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61
What are some of the management options for acute diarrhoea in infancy/childhood/adolescence?
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62
What are some of the treatment options for chronic diarrhoea in infancy/childhood/adolescence?
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63
What are the common causes of acute abdominal pain in children?
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64
What are the common causes of chronic abdominal pain in children?
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65
What are the common causes of recurrent abdominal pain in children?
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66
What are the causes of acute bowel obstruction in
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
67
How does acute bowel obstruction present in
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
68
What are the principles of management of acute bowel obstruction in
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
69
What are the common causes of an abdominal mass in infants?
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70
What are the common causes of an abdominal mass in children?
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71
What are the common causes of an abdominal mass in adolescence?
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72
What are the causes of jaundice in childhood?
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73
How would you investigate jaundice in children?
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74
What treatment would you initiate in a child presenting with jaundice?
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75
What advice would you give to parents about childhood gastroenteritis and oral rehydration therapy?
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76
How might haematuria present in children?
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77
What are the underlying causes of of haematuria in children?
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78
What initial therapies are required in haematuria in children?
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79
How might protienuria present in childhood?
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80
What are some common underlying causes of protienuria in children?
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81
What initial therapies are required in a child presenting with protienuria?
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82
How do urinary tract infections present at different ages?
| Eg: Infancy/Childhood/Adolescence
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83
How are UTIs investigated in different ages?
| Eg: Infancy/Childhood/Adolescence
?
84
What treatments are used in the management of UTIs in
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
85
What are the major causes of acute renal failure in childhood?
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86
What are the major causes of chronic renal failure in childhood?
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87
How might acute renal failure present in childhood?
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88
How might chronic renal failure present in childhood?
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89
What are the initial treatment options for acute renal failure in children?
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90
What are the initial treatment options for chronic renal failure in children?
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91
What are the physiological consequences of renal failure in children?
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92
How would you define polyuria in children?
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93
What are the common and important causes of polyuria in children?
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94
How would you investigate polyuria in children?
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95
How do you treat polyuria in children?
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96
What are some common causes of bed wetting in children?
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97
What advice would you give to parents about bed wetting?
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98
How do you measure (and interpret) childhood blood pressure?
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99
What are the causes of hypertension in children?
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100
How would you investigate hypertension in children?
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101
What are the treatment options for hypertension in children?
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102
How do you distinguish between a hernia and a hydrocoele? (In children)
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103
Describe the normal development of male external genitalia
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104
Describe the development of female external genitalia (including the labia/vulva)
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105
What is balanitis?
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106
When would you initiate treatment for dysuria in children?
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107
When would you initiate treatment of balanitis in children?
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108
Describe the normal decent of the testes and mention some common abnormalities in teste decent
?
109
What is “retractile testes”?
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110
What is meant by “undescended testis”?
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111
What is the management for retractile testis?
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112
What is the management for undescended testis?
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113
How does cerebral palsy present?
?
114
What are the possible causes of cerebral palsy?
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115
What are some of the therapies used in cerebral palsy?
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116
Define “febrile convulsions” in children
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117
How do you differentiate febrile convulsions from other seizure disorders in children?
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118
How would you assess the ‘floppy’ infant?
?
119
What are the causes of a ‘floppy’ infant?
?
120
How would epilepsy present in
1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence
?
121
What are the common types of epilepsy in infancy/childhood/adolescence?
?
122
How are epileptic disorders diagnosed in children?
?
123
How is epilepsy managed in children?
?
124
How might neuromuscular diseases present in children?
?
125
How are neuromuscular diseases investigated in children?
?
126
How are neuromuscular diseases managed in children?
?
127
How would you outline the nature, treatment and prevention of febrile convulsions and epilepsy to parents?
?
128
What are the common and important causes of headaches in childhood?
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129
What are some of the treatment options available for headache in childhood?
?
130
What are the causes of cerebral haemorrhage in children?
?
131
What are the causes of stroke in children?
?
132
How are cerebral haemorrhage and stroke assessed in children?
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133
How is cerebral haemorrhage managed in children?
?
134
How is stroke managed in children?
?
135
How does meningitis present in different age groups of children?
?
136
How do you investigate meningitis in children?
?
137
How do you manage meningitis in children?
?
138
What are the common causes of gait disturbance in
1) Infancy
2) Children
3) Adolescence
?
139
What are the common causes of delayed development in childhood?
?
140
What is the importance of loss of/failure to acquire milestones in the major developmental domains?
?
141
What are some of the milestones in the major developmental domains?
?
142
What are some important neurocutaneous disorders in children?
How do they present?
How are they treated?
?
143
What are some of the important neurodegenerative disorders in children?
How do they present?
How are the managed?
?
144
What are the signs of raised intracranial pressure in
1) Infants
2) Children
?
145
What are the causes of raised intracranial pressure in
1) Infants
2) Children
?
