paediatrics (child health) Flashcards
(26 cards)
A 3-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a barking cough and stridor at rest. His symptoms improve significantly after dexamethasone and he is discharged home.
Diagnosis?
Croup
Bronchiolitis - causative organism
RSV
Bronchiolitis - age group affected
infants less than 1 year old
Whooping cough - causative organism
Bordatella Pertussis
whooping cough - key clinical features
- paroxysmal coughing spells
- inspiratory ‘whoop’
- post-tussive vomiting
Bronchiolitis - key clinical features
- wheezing
- DRY cough
Acute epiglottitis - key clinical features
- drooling
- stridor
- cough MINIMAL/ABSENT
Croup management - what medication is given
A single dose of oral Dexamethasone (0.15mg/kg) is administered to all children with croup regardless of severity
what clinical features are required to make a diagnosis of acute otitis media
- acute onset of sx - otalgia/ear tugging
- middle ear effusion - bulging tympanic membrane, otorrhoea
- inflammation of tympanic membrane - erythema
Abx used to treat acute otitis media
1st line = Amoxicillin
if penicillin allergic give: Clarithromycin/Erythromycin
does ‘unrecordable’ blood glucose measurement mean it’s high?/low?/either?
Its important to remember that ‘unrecordable’ blood glucose always means that the blood sugar is HIGH rather than low.
Late complications of Down’s
- Alzheimer’s - chrom 21 contains gene for APP (amyloid precursor protein), more of this builds up into beta-amyloid plaques, this along w tau tangles increases risk of AD
- hypothyroidism - underactive thyroid due to autoimmune reaction
- ALL
Most common cardiac defect associated w Down’s
Endocardial cushion defect (AVSD)
Congenital GI problems assoc w Down’s
- Hirschsprung’s: constipation, intestinal obstruction
- Duodenal atresia
What is Perthe’s disease
AVN of femoral head
Perthe’s = a cause of childhood limp
Perthe’s disease: management
- under 6: good prognosis, only observation + follow up (to check for femoral head collapse or fragmentation)
- hip replacement - only if severe disease, fragmentation/deformity/joint space narrowing seen - and usually not done in under 10s due to the fact that the bones are still growing
MOST CASES RESOLVE W CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT
Age of child typically affected by Perthe’s
Perthe’s = Primary school: 4-8 y/o
Perthe’s more common in which gender
BOYS
Perthe’s disease: clinical features
- limp
- pain
- restricted movement of joint
Most common cause of gastroenteritis in children in the UK
Rotavirus
hypotension is a sign of early/late shock?
hypotension is a sign of late shock
Chance of a male child of a heterozygous female carrier of x-linked condition - being affected + what would the female child potentially be?
50% as they can either get the affected X-chromosome or the unaffected one
there is a 50% chance that a female child will be a carrier (other X comes from dad)
Can there be male to male transmission of an X-linked recessive disease
No, X-linked recessive conditions can only be passed on by heterozygous female carriers
PDA murmur description
continuous machinery murmur
