Paediatrics (Typical Development, Reflexes)

Question 1

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

Answer 1

turning head

-> facial arm extends & abducts, occipital arm flexes & abducts

Question 2

ATNR age of integration

Answer 2

4-5 months

Question 3

Rooting

Answer 3

touch perioral area

-> tuns head and lips toward

Question 4

Rooting age of integration

Answer 4

3 months

Question 5

Suck-swallow

Answer 5

touch lips / inside mouth

-> rhythmic excursions of jaw, tongue up and down, then swallow

Question 6

Suck-swallow age of integration

Answer 6

5 months

Question 7

Palmar grasp

Answer 7

pressure on palm

-> flex fingers

Question 8

Palmar grasp age of integration

Answer 8

4-7 months

Question 9

Plantar grasp

Answer 9

pressure on sole (distal to metatarsal head)

-> flex toes

Question 10

Plantar grasp age of integration

Answer 10

9 months

Question 11

Flexor withdrawal

Answer 11

noxious stim to sole of foot

-> flex / withdraw leg

Question 12

Flexor withdrawal age of integration

Answer 12

1-2 months

Question 13

Crossed extension

Answer 13

noxious stim to sole of foot

-> flex stimulated leg & extend / add opposite leg

Question 14

Crossed extension age of integration

Answer 14

1-2 months (inconsistent)

Question 15

Galant (trunk incurvation)

Answer 15

stroke paravertebral skin in prone

-> lateral curve on stimulated side

Question 16

Galant age of integration

Answer 16

3 months (inconsistent)

Question 17

Moro

Answer 17

drop head backward

-> abd & ext arms, splay fingers
may be followed by arm flex & add

Question 18

Moro age of integration

Answer 18

3-5 months

Question 19

Startle

Answer 19

loud noise

-> abd & ext arms, splay fingers
may be followed by arm flex & add

Question 20

Startle age of integration

Answer 20

3-5 months

Question 21

Auto walking / step reflex

Answer 21

hold upright w/ support under feet

-> high stepping movements w/ regular rhythm

Question 22

Auto walking / step reflex age of integration

Answer 22

3-4 months

Question 23

Positive support

Answer 23

balls of feet in contact w/ firm surface

-> legs extend to support weight

Question 24

Positive support age of integration

Answer 24

1-2 months (inconsistent)

Question 25

Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR)

Answer 25

flex head -> arms flex, hips extend ext head -> arms ext, hips flex

Question 26

STNR age of integration

Answer 26

8-12 months

Question 27

Head to midline

Answer 27

4 months

Question 28

Hands to midline

Answer 28

4 months

Question 29

Roll prone to supine

Answer 29

3-5 months

Question 30

Head control

Answer 30

4-5 months

Question 31

Sit alone

Answer 31

5-9 months

Question 32

Stand w/ support

Answer 32

5-8 months

Question 33

Hands to knees

Answer 33

3-5 months

Question 34

Hands to feet

Answer 34

4-6 months

Question 35

Extended arm support in prone

Answer 35

6 months

Question 36

Creeping (hands and knees)

Answer 36

6-10 months

Question 37

Pulls to stand

Answer 37

6-12 months

Question 38

Walk independently

Answer 38

7-20 months

Question 39

Mature gait

Answer 39

2-3 years

Question 40

True running

Answer 40

2-3 years

Question 41

Stairs - up & down, holding on, same foot lead

Answer 41

15-17 months

Question 42

Stairs - up, not holding on, same foot lead

Answer 42

18-23 months

Question 43

Stairs - up, holding on, alternating feet

Answer 43

24-29 months

Question 44

Stairs - down, not holding on, same foot lead

Answer 44

30-35 months

Question 45

Stairs - up & down, no support, alternating feet

Answer 45

36-41 months

Question 46

Throwing - Stage 1

Answer 46

foot may move forward, some trunk rotation 2-3 years

Question 47

Throwing - Stage 2

Answer 47

leg on throwing side moves forward 4-5 years

Question 48

Throwing - Stage 3

Answer 48

mature throw, trunk rotation & wind up 7 years?

Question 49

Kicking - Early

Answer 49

push leg forward 3-5 years

Question 50

Kicking - Mature

Answer 50

full ROM, trunk rotation, arm action 6-7 years

Question 51

Shift from visual system to somatosensory

Answer 51

~3 years

Question 52

Landau reaction

Answer 52

hold prone -> ext head, trunk & hips

Question 53

Landau ages (full & stops)

Answer 53

full - 6-8 months stops - 12 months

Question 54

Protective arm forward

Answer 54

5-8 months

Question 55

Protective arm sideways

Answer 55

8 months

Question 56

Protective arm backwards

Answer 56

10-12 months

Question 57

Adult movement patterns achieved

Answer 57

6-7 years

Question 58

Anterior pelvic tilt to neutral

Answer 58

2-3 years